During the period of operation, the building gradually wears out under the influence of precipitation and other adverse external influences. At the same time, the facade of the house sooner or later loses its aesthetic appearance.
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Over the past decade, measures to renew the housing stock have been actively carried out in all regions of our country. Dilapidated housing is being demolished and new buildings are being built to replace it. But what about those residential properties whose wear and tear is not so great that they need to be demolished?
These houses are included in the overhaul program, which in most cases involves the restoration of individual structures and façade repairs.
When can citizens demand it?
The main goal of regional programs for the reconstruction of houses, operating at the state level, is to prevent the transfer of existing housing into the category of emergency and unfit for habitation.
So, each building corresponds to a specific date. The government contractor is obliged to provide the owners of the premises with the following information 6 months before the start of a major renovation of the façade:
- list of planned works;
- relevant documentation;
- start date;
- deadlines.
Next, members of the asset group (owners of the premises) decide at a meeting whether the house needs major repairs and consider the possibility of carrying out such work. They provide their decision in the form of a protocol and statement to the representative of the contractor.
What to do if major repairs are needed sooner
If apartment owners believe that it is advisable to carry out major repairs ahead of schedule, they have the right to demand that it be carried out ahead of schedule.
Early overhaul of the building
When the amount in the fund does not cover all costs, the owners collect additional contributions. If there are enough funds, then the next step is to contact the management organization. It is she who initiates the creation of the commission and instructs the state contractor to draw up all the necessary documentation.
Who pays?
The residents of the apartment building themselves sponsor the major repairs. Every month they contribute certain amounts according to receipts for such events.
The authorities set the minimum amount of payment to the capital repair fund. However, residents at a general meeting of owners can agree to increase the amount of payment. Such a decision is made if more than 2/3 of all votes were received in its favor.
The list of works that can be carried out also depends on the volume of contributions to the capital repair fund.
If the collected funds are not enough to finish the facade, the contractor is still obliged to complete the work begun. Naturally, later the debt will be reimbursed to the contractor in full from the funds contributed monthly by the residents.
Who is responsible for the condition of the façade of the MKD?
As stated in clause 1 of Article 158 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation, the owner of the apartment is obliged to bear the costs of maintaining the premises that belong to him, to maintain the optimal condition of the common property in the apartment building in proportion to his share in the right of common ownership. To do this, he pays a fixed fee monthly. This rule also applies to owners of non-residential premises in the house.
If a company manages the property of an apartment building on the basis of a contract, it is responsible for the proper maintenance of the facade. As for who repairs the façade, if the building has an HOA, as a rule, residents turn to a contractor for services.
In the context of this topic, it is useful to find out what the rights and responsibilities of an HOA are.
To initiate actions of the management company, you need to send an appeal addressed to the director of the organization. The letter should argue for the need to improve the external elements of the building.
Many legal acts of varying legal force regulate the rights and obligations of apartment owners and the management company.
Organizational measures for carrying out major repairs are listed in Federal Law No. 271-FZ in the Housing Code of the Russian Federation dated. According to this document, the constituent entities of the Russian Federation provide for different methods of financing major repairs.
The provisions of the following regulations should also be taken into account:
- Art. 166-174 LCD. They indicate general requirements for carrying out major repairs in apartment buildings.
- Civil Code (Article 210 on the burden of maintaining property).
- Town Planning Code.
- Government Decree No. 615 dated .
The listed documents are intended to regulate the interaction between apartment owners and regional authorities. Thus, Government Resolution No. 615 indicates what work is included in the overhaul, defines the obligations and responsibilities for their implementation.
Territorial authorities are entrusted with organizational and control functions. The owners are required to raise funds to pay for the work.
General information
Renovations are primarily aimed at restoring the original characteristics of the property and improving its appearance.
The overhaul of the facade can be divided into three stages:
- Preparatory work. Within their framework, the old coating is dismantled, fungal formations are removed, as well as contaminants from the surface. The seams are treated, cracks are eliminated and plastering is done again.
- Finishing work. This includes applying a new layer of finishing, such as stone, paint, tile or decorative plaster. At this stage, it is possible to install a ventilated facade.
- Replacement or restoration of functional elements. If necessary, work is carried out to restore canopies, partitions, double-glazed windows, gutters, and other components of the façade of the property.
What is the difference between a major overhaul and a current one?
Distinctive features of major and cosmetic repairs are presented in the table:
Type of repair | Peculiarities |
Capital | It is distinguished by a large volume of work, including: · completely removing the old coating from the surface; · clean the surface from rust, fungal infections, salt stains, dust, etc.;
· sometimes they perform a complete replacement of windows, doors, ebbs, drainpipes and other elements of the building. Work during a major renovation of a building is aimed at completely restoring or giving a new look to the house. |
Cosmetic | Helps maintain the building in good condition. Includes:
Not only is the appearance updated, but the structures are also protected from destruction during operation. |
Facade restoration work varies depending on the degree of its destruction. Regulatory documents establish a repair interval of 5 years for routine repairs and 10 years for major repairs.
When is a major façade renovation necessary?
In most cases, damage to the facade is noticeable to the naked eye, but a full visual inspection is carried out by a commission with the participation of specialists, management company employees and residents of the apartment building. If we are talking about major repairs, representatives of the regional operator are involved. To identify hidden shortcomings, instrumental research is needed.
Obvious signs that indicate the need to restore the facade:
- the plaster layer is damaged or falls over an area of more than 30%;
- seams are visible between blocks/panels;
- the insulation layer cracks;
- gutters are deformed;
- precipitation accumulates on the outer wall.
If the above symptoms are detected, repair work must begin as soon as possible.
Find out more about the range of work included in the major renovation of apartment buildings.
What to do if major repairs are needed sooner?
If the owners consider that some structures are subject to immediate restoration, then they can proceed without waiting for the planned date, but this raises the big question of financing .
For these unscheduled works, it will be necessary to collect additional contributions in addition to those approved as mandatory (Article 189 of the Housing Code).
Payments will be adjusted, so that for a certain time, residents who have spent on additional repairs will be exempt from paying contributions.
In addition to funds, design and estimate documentation is also needed , and someone else should be closely involved in this. To resolve these problems, you should contact your management company, which works with local authorities and the Regional Operator on behalf of residents.
The local administration body, on the basis of an agreement signed between it and the operator, entrusts the latter with the preparation of the project and the organization of the examination. In accordance with the work schedule, within the time limits specified in this schedule and in the contract, work is carried out to overhaul the common property of the residents.
For useful tips on design and estimate documentation, watch the video below:
How is the need for major façade repairs determined?
The main document that serves as the reason for the start of a major renovation of the facade of an apartment building is the official conclusion of the special commission.
Its participants are:
- government contractor;
- authorized employee of the management organization (authority);
- active members from among the owners appointed at the general meeting.
After checking and analyzing all the damage, the commission decides whether major repairs are needed or whether it is permissible to limit ourselves to only superficial restoration. This decision is not based only on one’s own convictions, but must comply with regulatory documents.
Major repairs of an apartment building are carried out with the permission of the commission
So, major repairs are carried out if:
- the insulation is worn out or the seams between the slabs are broken, which affects the penetration of moisture onto the load-bearing wall;
- 35% of the external walls contain destruction of the external cladding;
- The drainage system is broken.
Based on the results of the inspection of the external walls, the commission brings up for discussion what capital work needs to be carried out depending on the nature and extent of the damage.
Overhaul contractor
The restoration of the façade as part of a major overhaul is carried out by a contractor, also called a regional operator. The organization must not be commercial. The company is created by local government authorities for the purpose of implementing a repair program, in accordance with Federal Law No. 255).
The operator is not required to perform the work independently. He can only coordinate them, control payment, quality and deadlines.
Making a decision to carry out unscheduled overhauls
The decision-making process for extraordinary repair work can be divided into the following stages:
- Residents of the building appeal to the management company with an initiative to carry out major repairs of the facade.
- Visual inspection of the house by specialists.
- Discussion of further orders regarding additional examinations.
- Preparation of estimates.
Residents of apartment buildings can ask the management company to carry out façade repairs even before the scheduled work is due.
Submitting an application to the Criminal Code
To initiate early repairs, owners of apartments in apartment buildings need to draw up a collective application to the management company. As follows from Part 7 of Art. 189 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation, it will be possible to satisfy the residents’ request if there is a sufficient amount in the house account.
If there are too few funds, the owners have the right to convene a general meeting and discuss the possibility of obtaining a loan or lending from some financial organization.
When submitting an application to the Criminal Code, you should attach evidence of the need for major repairs of the facade: photographs, video materials, expert opinions.
Inspection of the facade and drawing up a report on the need for work
The façade of the house is inspected by specialists. Their goal is to make sure that early major repairs are necessary. The conclusions are recorded in a separate act.
Management company employees identify defects and the reasons for their occurrence, and draw up a list of work to repair the brick facade of an apartment building. During the inspection, the process of operation and maintenance of residential premises is analyzed. This allows us to ensure compliance with the requirements of Art. 17 Housing Code of the Russian Federation.
The commission inspects the residential building. Its members elect the officials of the MA and at least one representative of the MKD council. Details of the inspection are set out in The procedure consists of 3 main stages:
- Home inspection.
- Drawing up an act.
- Creating a list of necessary activities.
Studying individual components of communication systems may require the participation of a specialized specialist. In this case, employees of a management or contracting company are involved.
Restoration work plan
According to the law, repair work must be carried out in accordance with the plan. If necessary, an estimate is drawn up for the repair of the basement, balcony and other areas of the residential building.
The choice of measures depends on the characteristics of problem areas, the degree of wear of utilities and structural components.
The management company draws up a plan, the chairman of the HOA or the residents' council agrees on the finished list of works or it is approved at a general meeting of apartment owners. After this, the management company determines the timing of the repairs.
An important point is drawing up an estimate of the cost of major repairs.
This responsibility is assigned to an authorized person. Owners of apartments in apartment buildings decide to overhaul the facade at the suggestion of the person managing the building, the regional operator, or on their own initiative.
The estimate for the repair of the blind area, drainage and other elements is the calculation of the costs necessary to carry out the work.
Approval of work deadlines at a meeting of residents
The General Meeting of Residents (GMT) of an apartment building is the governing body of the building. The main stages of organizing and holding a meeting:
- Definition of initiator.
- Preparation of documents.
- Informing about the OSJ.
- Conducting the event in full-time, part-time or part-time format.
- Registration of voting results.
- Notification of the results of the meeting of owners and interested parties.
- Submission of documents to the housing supervision authority.
When it comes to determining the timing of the overhaul of the facade, professionals are invited to the event who will estimate how much time it will take to restore the outer sides of the apartment building. Taking into account their recommendations, the residents of the house express their opinions and then vote.
Who should be responsible for painting the facade of an apartment building?
The facade is the calling card of an apartment building and an integral part of the city’s architecture. To avoid the gradual destruction of walls under the influence of external factors, the facade is painted. Applying an external decorative coating not only improves the appearance of the structure, but also helps prevent the leaching of cement between the brickwork. In addition, painting increases the thermal efficiency of the house and is considered reliable protection against fungus and mold. Over time, the applied paint crumbles, then the question arises: “Who should paint the facade and at whose expense is such work carried out?” Let's try to figure out this problem.
The difference between the current
The unsatisfactory condition of the house always causes concern among residents. When will the facade be put in order? Who should make this decision and on what basis? What work will be carried out? And who will pay for the “banquet”?
To prepare the walls, the walls are completely cleaned, thermal insulation and waterproofing are installed. The walls are primed, plastered, and decorative finishing is done. At the same time, they are repairing the blind area, gutters, basement of the house, and utilities.
Lawyers' answers (2)
You are right, the facade of an apartment building belongs to the common property of the owners of premises in the apartment building. Accordingly, the costs of its major repairs must be borne by the owners in proportion to their share of ownership.
You can see more details in the Housing Code of the Russian Federation, section two.
Client clarification
Please clarify, I am not a lawyer, but it is clear that section two in the Housing Code of the Russian Federation is not small, I can “get lost”.
14 February 2015, 21:42
Article 36. Housing Code of the Russian Federation Right of ownership to the common property of the owners of premises in an apartment building
On the issue concerning the formation of a land plot on which an apartment building is located and its transfer into the ownership of the owners of the premises of such a house, see Article 16 of Federal Law No. 189-FZ of December 29, 2004.
1. The owners of premises in an apartment building shall own, by right of common shared ownership, the common property in the apartment building, namely:
1) premises in this house that are not parts of apartments and are intended to serve more than one room in this house, including inter-apartment landings, stairs, elevators, elevator and other shafts, corridors, technical floors, attics, basements in which there are engineering communications, other equipment serving more than one room in a given house (technical basements);
2) other premises in this house that do not belong to individual owners and are intended to meet the social and everyday needs of the owners of premises in this house, including premises intended for organizing their leisure time, cultural development, children's creativity, physical education and sports and similar events;
3) roofs enclosing load-bearing and non-load-bearing structures of a given house, mechanical, electrical, sanitary and other equipment located in a given house outside or inside the premises and serving more than one room
Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of August 13, 2006 N 491 “On approval of the Rules for the maintenance of common property in an apartment building and the Rules for changing the amount of fees for the maintenance and repair of residential premises in the case of the provision of services and performance of work on the management, maintenance and repair of common property in an apartment building of inadequate quality and (or) with interruptions exceeding the established duration"
2. The composition of common property includes:
a) premises in an apartment building that are not parts of apartments and are intended to serve more than one residential and (or) non-residential premises in this apartment building (hereinafter referred to as common areas), including inter-apartment landings, stairs, elevators, elevators and others shafts, corridors, strollers, attics, technical floors (including built-in garages and areas for vehicles, workshops, technical attics built at the expense of the owners of the premises) and technical basements in which there are utilities, otherwise serving more than one residential and (or) non-residential premises in an apartment building equipment (including boiler rooms, boiler rooms, elevator units and other engineering equipment);
c) enclosing load-bearing structures of an apartment building (including foundations, load-bearing walls, floor slabs, balcony and other slabs, load-bearing columns and other enclosing load-bearing structures);
d) enclosing non-load-bearing structures of an apartment building serving more than one residential and (or) non-residential premises (including windows and doors of common areas, railings, parapets and other enclosing non-load-bearing structures);
From the above it follows that the façade of an apartment building is common property; I am attaching a court decision from judicial practice on a similar issue.
The main differences between current repairs and major repairs are: what is the fundamental difference?
According to the law, renovation of residential premises is divided into current and planned. Failure to understand the differences between these concepts leads to conflict situations and disputes. It is important for homeowners in apartment buildings to know and understand the difference between them. Shifting part of the financial responsibility for the condition of residential buildings to the owners was established by law in 2021.
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When performing ongoing updates, residents are warned immediately before they begin, and their duration ranges from an hour to several days. Interesting: a major method of improvement is agreed upon in advance in terms of completion dates, since temporary inconveniences can last a long time and cover significant areas. Differences by type of work:
List of works included in the overhaul
Due to monthly financial savings accumulated from contributions from residents of apartment buildings, it is possible to carry out a fairly impressive list of repair, restoration and installation work, which is considered a major overhaul.
As stated in the legislation, a major overhaul of a house involves the implementation of work regulated by the legislator to eliminate various faults and worn-out structural elements in the house, classified as common property, including various works on restoration, replacement of structures and systems of the house to improve the operational properties of the common property of housing rights holders in an apartment building .
One of the basic directions when carrying out major home repairs is the repair of walls and facades, which allows:
- repair and insulate house facades and plinths;
- repair and, if necessary, glaze balconies and loggias;
- change window and balcony fillings to more soundproofing options;
- replace or repair gutters;
- repair house fire escapes;
- change or repair the roofing of a house;
- arrange canopies over loggias, balconies, entrances to entrances, basements;
- repair the blind area;
- repair the external walls of common building elevator shafts.
The next important direction in the field of overhaul work is the restoration of the proper condition of the basements and foundation of an apartment building. For these purposes, the following work can be carried out, financed, among other things, from mandatory regular contributions from apartment owners:
- house foundation repair;
- antiseptic treatment of structural elements of multi-apartment buildings;
- repair of entrances to basement premises;
- sealing places where there is an intersection of engineering systems with a foundation element, etc.
In addition to the listed work, capital repair funds can finance repair work related to restoring the proper condition of attics and roofs, namely:
- replacement, repair of attics and roofs, their fire protection treatment;
- treatment of wooden structures with antiseptics;
- repair or replacement of pallets;
- normalization, restoration of temperature and (or) humidity conditions;
- sealing, repair work for repairing air ducts, flues and other similar systems;
- replacement and repair of parapet gratings;
- work on replacement, repair of internal drainage elements, etc.
During major repair work, restoration of staircase structures can also be carried out with the replacement of steps, fences of house landings and other work.
Quite a significant part of the repair work performed during home overhauls is associated with restoring the condition and improving the entrance areas and door fillings. The considered category of work financed from capital repair funds includes the following activities:
- change and repair of access lighting;
- replacement and repair of access entrance doors;
- work on changing and repairing doors in garbage chambers;
- strengthening, restoration, partial replacement of stair steps, repair of the entrance platform, etc.
Major repairs include replacement, restoration, and improvement of in-house engineering systems in apartment buildings. With the help of capital repairs you can:
1. Repair central heating:
- replace and repair risers, house pipelines, connections to public heating systems;
- install shut-off valves;
- install heating devices with attached and built-in thermostats with automatic mechanisms;
- replace or repair thermal curtains;
- reconstruct panel control systems;
- establish the functioning of heating systems;
- install automatic balancing valves on heating structures, etc.
2. Repair and improve the ventilation systems of the house:
- change ventilation grilles;
- clean ventilation systems, etc.;
3. Ensure the organization of hot and cold water supply systems:
- change and repair pipelines if they belong to common house systems;
- install shut-off valves;
- change the pipe layout;
- install meters, etc.
4. Carry out repair work on home sewerage and drainage systems.
5. Repair other systems in the house (internal gas supply, electrical equipment, fire protection systems).
Major repairs may also include work to restore the functions and improve garbage chutes, elevators, including ensuring the accessibility of public elevators for the disabled, as well as interior home decoration (when the appearance of the decoration was damaged due to repair work on the house) and landscaping of the yard.
Thus, the overhaul includes a fairly extensive list of repair work related to the improvement of the common living space. Thanks to the accumulation of financial contributions from Russian citizens in the fund for major repairs, over time it is expected to significantly improve the housing stock in most Russian regions.
Accordingly, paying fees, perceived by many Russians as just another “extortion” from public utilities, also has its positive aspects. In addition, citizens in this situation have no choice: paying mandatory contributions for major repairs is the responsibility of all owners of apartments in an apartment building. The legislator provides only 2 exceptions:
- If housing, in particular, a house, is recognized as unsafe and subject to demolition;
- If the land under the house is required for municipal needs.
Types and methods
Minor defects appear on the facades of the house, which are not destructive, but make the building less attractive. But there are also more serious shortcomings. They occupy a large area on the surface of the walls or roof.
Such damage becomes dangerous, since negative environmental influences already affect the main structure. This leads to rapid destruction. It is important to replace and eliminate such defects in a timely manner. Therefore they distinguish:
- Major repairs - when it is necessary to replace communications or wall decoration over a large area of the building.
- Current – shortcomings in a small area are eliminated.
In addition to major renovations of the facade, there are also:
- planned - the completion date is clearly indicated in the plan;
- unplanned - have to be carried out when the building is in disrepair.
The legislative framework
General provisions regarding major repairs are set out in Articles 166-174. Housing complex of the Russian Federation.
Thus, according to Article 174, funds invested in the capital repair fund can be spent on:
- restoration and repair activities;
- preparation of estimates and design documentation.
How to write an application for renovation of the facade of a house
- contacting the housing department;
- if refused, we write a complaint to the supervisory authorities;
- drawing up an application;
- sending it by registered mail with notification or personally to the inspector with a note in the incoming log;
- We expect a response within thirty calendar days;
- within forty-five days, employees of the management company are obliged to eliminate all shortcomings.
In this article we will look at issues that are very “burning” for most residents of apartment buildings. After all, every year hundreds of thousands of citizens of our country turn to housing and communal services employees with requests to seal interpanel seams, repair a facade, or clear a blockage in a drainpipe. And almost half of such requests are ignored by utility workers. Let's give some tips on how to effectively influence management companies.
How to get the facade of a house repaired, how to get the facade of a house repaired, where to go, who should pay for the repair of the facade of a house, samples
According to Art. 161 of the RF Housing Code, the management of an apartment building must ensure favorable and safe living conditions for citizens, proper maintenance of common property in an apartment building, resolving issues regarding the use of said property, as well as the provision of utilities to citizens living in such a building.
Let's find out about the planned overhaul of the house. First of all, you need to apply for information on the website "Housing and Communal Services Reform", enter the address of your house and go to the "Major overhaul" section. There you will find information about the period for which major repairs are planned, indicating the type of common property.
If a major renovation is planned for next year, and the situation with the façade of the house is not critical, then it is better to wait for the major renovation and not spend the money collected by the residents of the house for routine repairs.
Major repairs of the facade are paid for from the funds of the Regional Operator (Capital Repair Fund of the subject), which, in turn, are paid for by the owners of all houses by making contributions for major repairs.
Rules for writing applications for refusal to pay for major repairs of an apartment building: claim, form, sample
- It is illegal to force advance payments for services that have not yet been provided.
- No decision was made at the general meeting of the residents of the house , and no minutes were provided.
- Common house property was not officially registered as property .
- You want to pay for services only after concluding a formal contract , when you can personally familiarize yourself with all the conditions.
- You want to pay for services upon completion of them in proper form.
- First of all, indicate that you are submitting an application wishing to restore the violated, limited rights of consumers, as well as compensate for the moral and physical harm caused by these actions.
- Next, write that you are guided by the Law on the Protection of Consumer Rights, namely clauses
4 and 2 of Art. Tax Code of the Russian Federation, clause 3, please ask us not to charge you a fee . - Indicate your first name, last name, patronymic. Please note that you are the owner of the apartment and write the address.
- Write that you were forced to pay for services, although no official contract was concluded with you, you do not know the conditions, and the services were not actually provided .
How to write an application to the management company for the repair of a balcony, entrance, roof and drain
- Roof repair . In order for the management company to carry out repairs, it is not enough to simply indicate in the application that it is leaking. It is necessary to write down when the leak occurred, what damage it caused to residents, etc.
- Balcony repair .
We are not talking about those balconies that are part of the apartments, but about those that are included in the list of common property. If the structure is in disrepair, evidence should be attached to the application. It is advisable that the document be signed by as many residents as possible. - Facade repair. Presentation of requirements for repair work on the external walls of a building is no different from other emergency cases. It is important that there is evidence that the destruction of the facade threatens residents.
- Gutter repair .
If the structure is damaged, it could result in harm to the occupants. Therefore, they are obliged to contact the management company with a request to carry out repairs. Residents affected by poor drainage must sign the application. - Entrance renovation .
Before contacting the management company, it is necessary to hold a meeting of the owners and decide what kind of work should be carried out. If there is evidence that the operation of the entrance threatens life and health, it must be attached to the application.
How to correctly write an application to the management company: a sample for repairs in case of various breakdowns in a house or apartment
Residents of apartment buildings legally have the right to demand repairs of their common property , both planned and extraordinary. If managers do not notice the damage and are unwilling to make repairs in a timely manner, the owners can demand that these responsibilities be fulfilled.
Eliminating such destruction is the direct responsibility of managers . If they do not want to notice such phenomena, they should write a statement and demand the restoration of the facade. As in previous cases, the application must accurately indicate the location of the destruction, attach photographs and an inspection report.
08 Aug 2021 piterurist 360
The difference between current repairs and major repairs
For obvious reasons, the need to perform routine repairs arises much more often than to organize major repairs. Therefore, the format of local technical operations is applied once every 3-6 months. But this is an approximate time frame, since the building may need to be repaired prematurely if, for example, an accident occurs. It is important to emphasize that adjustments to the work schedule, as well as their list, can be changed by the residents of the house at a general meeting.
Major repairs mean restoration or complete replacement of building structures, as well as engineering equipment with communications. In practice, a major home renovation can be expressed in a complete or partial renovation of the appearance of the house, its internal arrangement and modernization. At the same time, there are restrictions that do not allow contractors to completely eliminate the main structures - at least in cases where such work is inconsistent with the service life of the house. That is, if a structure can be used for 20-30 years, then it cannot be renewed without obvious signs of destruction during repairs.
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Types of repair work
Redecoration of the facade includes a set of services that do not involve intervention in the structure of the walls. These include measures aimed at improving the appearance of the building: cleaning surfaces, eliminating cracks, partial or complete painting. Timely cosmetic repairs extend the service life of load-bearing walls, delaying the timing of major interventions, and significantly save the money spent on it.
A major renovation of the facade involves not only restoring the appearance of the house, but also extending its service life. Activities include sealing seams, leveling walls, waterproofing, replacing cladding, and plastering. Their number and degree of complexity depend on the condition of the load-bearing walls. Cosmetic finishing is the final stage of a major overhaul.
Sources
- History of state and law of Russia: Textbook / ed. Yu.P. Titova. - M.: Prospekt, 2003. - 544 p.
- Handbook of occupational safety specialist No. 5 2015; MCFER - M., 2015. - 907 p.
- Tax disputes. Magazine about tax security and risk reduction. No. 07/2014; MCFER - M., 2014. - 749 p.
- Sivakov, D.O. Water law of Russia and foreign countries / D.O. Sivakov. - M.: Justitsinform, 2010. - 885 p.
- Criminal procedural legislation of the Russian Federation 2001-2011 / Team of authors. - M.: Prospekt, 2021. - 847 p.