The NGO Fund for Major Repairs of Apartment Buildings is a specific national piggy bank into which the population contributes funds. Each region has its own company that operates in a certain territory. The organization is a non-state and non-profit entity. But it is controlled by the state, and quite strictly. The accumulation of funds helps to timely restore housing, which is already lacking for Russian residents.
What is this
According to the law, the costs of maintaining common household property fall on the shoulders of the owners. After the collapse of the Soviet state, where the state of the housing stock was monitored according to plan, at first this procedure was voluntary. It was assumed that the owners would independently agree among themselves when and how much money to allocate for major repairs. But the system turned out to be ineffective.
Therefore, in 2012, qualitative changes were made to the Housing Code, where the provision on the creation of regional capital repair operators was clearly stated. The federal organization remains a completely state structure that deals with general issues. Until this point, all work on houses was regulated and financed from the state structure for promoting the reform of housing and communal services, which was divided into regional funds for promoting capital repairs.
In 2013, a separate non-profit organization, a capital repair fund or SNKO, was founded in each region from the Amur region to the Rostov region.
Money is deducted here without fail. Thanks to this, the total money supply for the entire region is formed. Capital repair fund services from the Republic of Sakha to Arkhangelsk monitor the following points:
- Payment of fees.
- Formation and observance of the frequency of major repairs of apartment buildings.
- Extraordinary work.
- Selection and work of contractors.
- Compliance with codes by construction contractors.
- Spending money.
- The wishes of residents and their implementation.
Regions
Organizations are divided into regional and federal. A federal company is a unified government structure that accumulates funds coming from the budget. It selectively funds work on individual homes.
Each region has its own organization - a regional capital repair operator. Its powers and functions are defined in the Housing Code in Article 180. You can find out who such an operator is in the region, for example, in the Primorsky Territory, Oryol Region or Nizhny Novgorod on the official website of the GIS Housing and Communal Services.
Plans for the overhaul of apartment buildings are also published here. At the regional level, minimum contributions for major repairs are determined, while organizations must adhere to the methodological recommendations that are voiced in Order 288 of the Ministry of Regional Development of Russia dated July 10, 2013.
In addition to regional organizations, building residents also have the right to create separate non-profit funds for capital repairs of apartment buildings. This solution has its pros and cons. Residents can clearly control contributions for major repairs and their spending. Decisions on extraordinary work do not depend on the situation in other houses and regional programs. The downside is that to carry out significant work you will have to wait a long time until enough funds are collected from the entire house. The option of individual home savings is beneficial for residents of new buildings and disadvantageous for owners of apartments in dilapidated housing.
Contractors for major renovations of apartment buildings
The selection of contractors is carried out in accordance with Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated July 1, 2016 No. 615 and is carried out in two stages :
- Preliminary selection - based on the documents provided from construction companies, a register of qualified contractors is formed annually. You can view the register of companies on the website. To participate in the pre-selection, the contractor must have all the necessary certificates and licenses for admission to construction work. Organizations that have passed the selection have the right to participate in the procurement of works and services in the field of overhaul.
- An electronic auction is an event that is held on the website of the operator of an electronic platform. The winner of the auction is the participant included in the register of contracting organizations and who offers the minimum price for the execution of the contract.
Information on procurement is posted on the official website of the operator, as well as on the website of the Unified Information System in the field of procurement.
The regional operator enters into an agreement with the contractor for the provision of services and the performance of major repairs, which specifies:
- rights and obligations of the parties;
- terms and duration of the contract;
- the procedure for settlement with the contractor, as well as the cost of work and services.
When the repair is completed, the contractor informs the customer to accept the work performed . The operator creates a commission , which must include a representative of the owners of the apartment building premises, and informs about the date and place of acceptance.
At the appointed time, the commission inspects the object, and if there are no complaints, it signs an acceptance certificate. If there are comments regarding the quality of the work performed, including from the owners, the deficiencies must be corrected by the contractor.
Composition and formation
In 2013, methods for forming a capital repair fund were determined. A non-profit organization, a regional capital repair fund, can replenish its budget through:
- Contributions.
- Peneus.
- Income from the placement of temporarily free funds.
- Means of financial support.
- Subsidies from the state.
- Borrowed funds from apartment owners or banks.
The main and largest part of the revenue is mandatory contributions. The smallest contribution is set at 1.52 rubles per sq. m. meter in the Khabarovsk Territory. The maximum possible size is 39 rubles per sq. m. meter. This indicator is uniform for the entire country, but it has not been assigned to any region. The largest contributions are paid by residents of Moscow - 18.19 ₽
Residents of houses began receiving the first payments in 2014 in the first 62 regions. Residents of the Belgorod region were the first to start paying contributions in January 2014.
Residents of new buildings are exempt from financial obligations for contributions for the first 5 years. The regional capital repair operator has the right to change this provision if required by the general situation in the region or the situation with the developer. The latter gives a guarantee on the house for 5 years, so if something needs to be repaired during this period, it falls on the shoulders of the builders. Owners of premises have the right to influence the amount of the contribution, but it must not be lower than the minimum in the region.
Functions and powers
The non-profit fund for capital repairs of apartment buildings, in addition to fundraising, has a large number of non-financial functions. Main functions:
- Analysis of the housing stock situation in the region.
- Monitoring of dilapidated and emergency houses.
- Maintaining the program sequence.
- Accepting applications from residents, HOAs and housing cooperatives.
- Inclusion of houses in the queue and exclusion from it.
- Ordering services and works.
- Monitoring and analysis of own expenses and expenses of contractors.
- Organizing competitions to select organizations that will renovate the building.
Depending on the level, the organization has certain powers. It interacts with state and municipal authorities and regulates tariffs. Employees participate in the development of housing modernization programs.
Regional operators influence the overall situation in the territory under their control. Smaller companies organized by residents of HOAs and housing cooperatives are subject to their regulations.
Why are regional funds for the overhaul of apartment buildings needed (functions)
Housing legislation of the Russian Federation offers homeowners 2 ways to form a capital repair fund:
- On a special account for a specific house.
- On the account of a regional operator.
Owners of housing in an apartment building who form a capital repair fund in a special account independently ensure and organize the management of the maintenance of their home. They decide for themselves how to save and spend money, what work to do and when. An individual account collects funds from the owners of one specific house .
If the second method of generating savings is chosen, major repairs of apartment buildings are carried out in full within the time period established by the regional program, which approves the order of repair work in all apartment buildings on the territory of the entire subject.
In the scope of activity reg. operator includes solving the following tasks:
- Organization and financing of repair work in apartment buildings on the territory of the subject.
- Distribution and accumulation of contributions received to the fund.
- Development of a regional overhaul program.
- Interaction and cooperation with state and municipal institutions in the housing sector.
- Formation of a list of houses in need of planned major repairs.
- Implementation of the regional program and implementation of technical orders aimed at carrying out repair work.
In accordance with paragraphs. 6 clause 1 art. 180 of the RF Housing Code, the list of functions can be expanded in accordance with the law of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation and the constituent documents of the regional operator.
Features of forming a fund on the account of a regional operator:
- contributions that owners transfer for major repairs become the property of the operator;
- Owners of premises in apartment buildings have the right to demand major repairs in the amount and within the time frame determined by the regional program.
Contributions to the capital repair fund are received from the owners of premises in apartment buildings on a monthly basis on the basis of payment documents . The minimum size of the fund is not established - the owners will make payments continuously while the house is in operation.
Plans and programs
Republican capital improvement funds create plans for various periods from a quarter to several years. The plan, designed for a period of more than a year, is a program and includes a whole range of measures, from the formation of a queue to ways of conveying information to residents about how they can influence the condition of the house.
Plans for carrying out necessary actions in homes are formed and adjusted annually. This information is published on the websites of regional operators and local companies. Detailed information about the upcoming overhaul is published no less than six months before the calendar year in which such work is planned. That is, in June of this year, information for next year should already be published. As a rule, preliminary plans are published earlier.
Owners can control the situation with their own home independently. For example, if it is known that the work is planned in 7-10 years, and the condition of the house leaves much to be desired, the owners have the right to influence this situation. This is important, because if the house is considered unsafe, it will be subject to exclusion from the program and resettlement. The trick here is that exclusion from the program is handled by the overhaul organization, and provision of other housing is handled by the municipality or state government.
Responsibilities of the regional operator for overhaul
A regional operator is a legal entity that is usually created by the Government of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation in order to regulate issues of major repairs in apartment buildings. There may be several operators in a region , each of which operates in the territory of certain municipalities.
In accordance with housing legislation, the operator is obliged to :
- Develop a proposal for major repairs in the apartment building and send it to the owners no later than 6 months before the start of the year in which it is planned to carry out repair work in accordance with the capital repair program.
- Prepare design documentation for major repairs, and also be responsible for its quality and compliance with technical standards.
- Involve contractors to carry out repair work, enter into contracts with them on your behalf for the performance of work and provision of services. The agreement with the contractor must necessarily stipulate a warranty period for the work performed for at least 5 years from the date of signing the acceptance certificate, and also stipulate the obligations of the contractors to eliminate deficiencies and identified violations.
- Monitor the quality and timing of repair work by contractors.
- Accept work and services .
- Keep records of funds received by the fund from the owners of premises in the apartment building.
- Post on your official website information about major repairs, as well as the rights and obligations of owners of premises in apartment buildings.
The regional operator is responsible for failure to fulfill or partial fulfillment of obligations to carry out major repairs.
Special account
The formation of savings occurs in three ways:
- The non-profit organization has a regional capital repair fund in its general fund account.
- On special account with the same organization.
- On a special account of the HOA or housing cooperative.
If the condition of the house is dilapidated, then it will be more profitable to collect funds in a general fund account. Contributions to a special account provide better control of funds by residents. In this case, the amounts can be spent in parts, that is, the roof can be repaired one year, and the entrances in another.
By default, the nonprofit organization's capital improvement fund determines how funds are accumulated, with money collected in a general fund account. Residents have the right to independently determine the method of capital formation. They can change their decision at any time.
Appeals
The owners regulate relations with the NGO fund for capital repairs of apartment buildings independently, through a meeting of all residents. The management company has no right to interfere in these relations. This was done specifically to prevent abuse by housing and communal services employees.
For questions regarding major repairs, residents must contact the NGO Fund for Major Repairs of Apartment Buildings directly, and it is important to do so in writing. All requests are registered and the response period is 30 calendar days.
If there is no response at this time, then the owners have the right to complain to the authorities:
- Municipality. He controls decisions about the order of work, costs and actions of contractors.
- Regional operator of capital repairs. It regulates tariffs and the order of work.
- Housing inspection. She additionally controls the quality of work based on requests and complaints from residents.
Local authorities actively emphasize the fact that monitoring the condition of the house is primarily the concern of residents. They are endowed with significant powers and have the right to dispose of them, the main thing is to do this more actively.
Websites of regional capital repair operators
The regional operator is obliged to post on its official website the following information:
- on the rights and obligations of owners of residential and non-residential premises in apartment buildings;
- on the implementation of the overhaul program;
- on carrying out inspections and control measures in relation to the operator’s activities;
- your details and contact information;
- information on the formation of a capital repair fund (the number of apartment buildings whose owners transfer funds, the amount of contributions, information about loans and borrowings);
Each regional fund of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation has its own website. For example, the websites of the fund for the capital repair of apartment buildings in the territory:
- the city of Moscow;
- Moscow region;
- the city of St. Petersburg;
- Sverdlovsk region;
- Chelyabinsk region;
- Khabarovsk Territory;
- city of Volgograd.
