According to statistics, in Russia about 20 million citizens live below the poverty line. To provide social support, special government programs have been created. Compliance with certain criteria allows low-income people to receive housing for free or with the help of targeted subsidies. However, it must be recognized that the existing mechanisms are low in efficiency. In the summer of 2021, Putin instructed the government to provide housing for the poor. Current conditions and prospects for solving problems are discussed below.
Preferential mortgage programs
The state finances several preferential mortgage programs for different categories of borrowers. In this article we will talk about the three most popular programs that operate in 2021-2022.
Mortgage at 7%
Available to : any citizens of the Russian Federation who want to buy an apartment in a new building. Rate : up to 7% per annum for the entire loan term. It may be increased if the borrower does not insure life, health and real estate.
Validity : until July 1, 2022. In which regions it is valid : throughout the country. Maximum loan amount : 3 million rubles. Can it be used for refinancing : no. Which banks issue : all large and most small banks, for example, Sberbank, VTB, Alfa Bank and Sovcombank.
Rural mortgage
Available to : any citizens of the Russian Federation who want to buy real estate in rural areas. Rate : from 0.1 to 3% per annum Validity period : until 2025. In which regions is it valid : throughout the country, except for the cities and municipalities of St. Petersburg, Moscow and the Moscow region. But only in rural areas, for example, in a workers’ village, urban settlement or small town, up to 30 thousand people. Maximum loan amount : 3 million rubles. For the Far East, Leningrad Region and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, the amount is higher - 5 million rubles. Can it be used for refinancing : no. Features : Can only be obtained once in a lifetime. Which banks issue : nine banks participate in the program, for example, Rosselkhozbank, Sberbank, CB Center-Invest and Ak Bars Bank.
State support for young families
The following are considered young:
- Two-parent families with or without children, in which one of the spouses is under 35 years of age.
- Single-parent families, such as mother and child families, in which the parent is under 35 years of age.
There are several government support programs for such families: some operate throughout the country, others only in certain regions. We recommend starting your search for a suitable program from the websites of your local administration. If there are no suitable programs in your region, look into federal ones.
Departmental target program
The essence of the support : a free payment in the amount of 30-35% of the estimated cost of the apartment. Who can receive : a young family that is recognized as needy. Also, before receiving the payment, you need to prove that you have the funds to purchase the chosen home or you can take out a mortgage. Features : it doesn’t matter how much the apartment you want to buy costs: the payment amount is calculated according to the standards. First, they find out how many square meters the family is entitled to. So, two spouses or a parent with a child are entitled to 42 sq.m., and families of three or more people are entitled to 18 sq.m. m for each. Afterwards, the number of square meters required is multiplied by the standard cost of 1 sq. m in your region.
For example, the standard cost of one square meter in Moscow is 115,151 rubles. If there are two parents and two children in a family, they are entitled to 72 square meters. m. Then the standard cost of the housing they are entitled to is 8,290,872 rubles. And the amount of social benefits is 35% of this amount - 2,901,805 rubles.
Maternal capital
The essence of support : targeted payment at the birth or adoption of a child. 483 thousand rubles for the first child and 639 thousand rubles for the second and subsequent ones. Such a payment for the second and subsequent child will only be provided if you did not receive maternity capital for the first.
Who can receive : the father or mother of the child, as well as an orphan child under 18 years old who was born after 2007.
Features : Matkapital can be used to purchase an apartment or house, as well as to build a house. Funds cannot be spent on purchasing housing abroad, dilapidated or dilapidated housing, as well as non-residential premises, including apartments. You also cannot buy a share in an apartment or house. An exception is if this is a separate room or share in existing housing.
After the purchase, you need to allocate shares for each family member who is indicated in the certificate for maternal capital.
Young families can also take advantage of other programs, for example, mortgage restructuring, which we will discuss below.
Mortgage restructuring with government help
The essence of the support : the state repays part of the borrower’s loan so that he can change the terms of the mortgage, for example, choose a different currency, reduce the payment amount, increase the loan term or receive a “credit holiday”.
Who can receive:
- parents of children under 18 years of age;
- parents of children aged 18 to 24 who are full-time students at universities;
- disabled people and parents of children with disabilities;
- young families;
- combat veterans.
In this case, you need to prove that you cannot pay the mortgage under current conditions, for example:
- after paying the mortgage payment, each family member remains less than two subsistence minimums in the region;
- the monthly payment from the date of receiving the mortgage has increased by more than 30%.
There are also requirements for mortgage housing. The property must be your only home and be located in Russia. A one-room apartment should be less than 45 square meters. m, two-room - less than 65 sq. m, and a three-room apartment is less than 85 sq. m. m.
Family in the broad sense of the word
It is worth understanding what meaning housing legislation gives to the concept of “family member” and who it includes.
Family members include persons who live with the owner of the residential premises:
- spouse,
- parents,
- children,
- other relatives
- sometimes disabled citizens who are moved into the apartment by the owner himself as a family member can be recognized as such.
The key role is played by the confirmed fact of cohabitation of these persons with the owner of the premises.
State support for public sector employees
Social mortgage for state employees
The essence of the program : the buyer can choose the type of assistance that suits him:
- receive up to 15% of the cost of the purchased apartment once;
- receive annual mortgage interest compensation;
- buy housing from the state on special terms.
Who can receive : employees of budgetary organizations who need their own housing, for example:
- live in one apartment with several families;
- have their own housing, in which each person has less than 14 square meters. m;
- live in a communal apartment;
- do not have their own home.
Features : the program is not valid in all regions. Some fields may only attract certain specialists, such as doctors, teachers or young scientists.
If you take out a mortgage on your home, you must work in government agencies for the entire term of the loan. You can quit, but the new place of work must also be a budget organization.
State support for the military
Savings and mortgage system
The essence of the program : for military personnel who use the Savings and Mortgage System (SMS), the state transfers payments to a special account. Funds in this account are invested to offset inflation and increase savings. The payment amount is the same for all ranks and changes annually. In 2021, the military receives about 300 thousand rubles per year.
Three years after beginning participation in the program, the service member may decide to:
- continue saving;
- buy housing with accumulated funds;
- use the funds as a down payment on a mortgage.
If a serviceman has not used NIS funds for 20 years, he will be paid the full amount. You can spend this money for any purpose.
Who can receive : everyone who entered into a contract after 2005. Some military personnel are required to participate in the program, while others, such as some soldiers, may refuse.
Military mortgage
The essence of the program : Mortgage payments are paid not by the borrower, but by the state. Funds from NIS are used for this. If the amount of the monthly payment is greater than the state payments, the remaining funds are used for early repayment of the mortgage.
Features : If a military man serves for less than 20 years, he must return the funds he received from the state. The debt can be repaid in installments over 10 years. If a military personnel is laid off or forced to resign due to family reasons or poor health, the funds will not have to be returned.
450 thousand rubles for large families
The essence of the program : the state pays 450 thousand rubles so that large families can fully or partially repay their mortgage. If the amount of debt is less than 450 thousand, the payment amount will be reduced.
Who can receive : families in which a third and subsequent child was born after January 1, 2021. In this case, the age of older children is not important.
Features : the payment can be received only once and used only to pay off the mortgage. If you used a consumer loan to purchase a home, you will not be able to participate in the program.
Housing certificates
The essence of the program : the state provides subsidies for the purchase of housing to certain categories of citizens. To do this, they issue personalized housing certificates.
Who can receive : beneficiaries and those who need improved housing conditions. Thus, those in need can be recognized as
- who do not have their own home;
- those whose housing area is less than the established standards;
- who lives in a dilapidated house;
- who lives with a seriously ill family member.
How is the payment amount calculated : there is no specific amount - it depends on the standard cost of housing in the region and the number of family members who will live in the apartment. So, according to the standards, one person is entitled to 33 square meters. m, two - 42 sq. m, and a family of three or more people - 18 sq. m for each.
The number of square meters a family is entitled to is multiplied by the standard cost of one meter in your region.
Features: the certificate is valid for seven months. If during this time you did not manage to find an apartment, you will have to apply for it again. The money can only be spent on purchasing a home—the certificate cannot be cashed out, gifted, or inherited.
Who is disabled?
Disabled people are people who have a health disorder with a persistent disorder of body functions, leading to limited life activity.
Disability can occur as a result of congenital or acquired pathology of any of the body systems (disease, consequence of injury). As a result of the defect, a particular individual ceases to fulfill his role in society corresponding to his age, gender and social category.
Today, Russian legislation contains many legal documents related to disability.
A number of these documents describe the conditions for assigning a citizen the status of “disabled” and the procedure for determining his disability group.
Conditions for assigning disability
According to the existing classification specified in Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 95, there are 3 groups of disability and the concept of “disabled child”, which differ from each other in the severity of the disease or deviation.
The conditions for group assignment are as follows:
- The human body has a serious health disorder with a persistent disorder of body functions caused by congenital or acquired defects, injuries, and serious diseases.
- A person needs social protection, including rehabilitation and habilitation.
- Limitation of life activity (complete or partial loss of the ability to move, communicate, care for oneself, control oneself, etc.).
Specialists of a special medical examination have the right to recognize a person as disabled, a referral for which can be obtained from a pension fund, a department of social protection of the population, or from a medical organization from the attending physician.
It happens that a citizen is denied a referral for an examination, then he can contact the expert bureau independently. Citizens who have received the status of “disabled” apply for a number of benefits from the state, including material support, transport benefits, reduced tax burden, etc.
In addition, the Government is committed to providing housing for disabled people in need of accommodation.
Download to view and print
Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated February 20, 2006 No. 95
How to get subsidies from the state
You can select a suitable support program on the local administration website. Most regions have their own support programs, but you can also use one of the federal programs.
Once you have decided on the program, contact your local administration or MFC. You will be asked to prepare a package of documents. Most often requested:
- passport of the applicant and his family members;
- an extract from the house register;
- bank statement or income certificate;
- a copy of the work book;
- a document confirming the right to the benefit;
- a document that confirms the ownership of housing or a social tenancy agreement;
- a document that confirms the right to additional space.
It is advisable to make several copies of all documents.
If the administration decides that you are entitled to a subsidy, you will be put on a waiting list for improved housing conditions. When your turn comes - sometimes this happens after several years - the State Property Department will notify you and issue a certificate of subsidy.
What proposal did Putin make?
It should be understood that in addition to the poor, other categories of beneficiaries receive housing subsidies. This increases the number of waiting lists. The difficult situation is evidenced by current statistics on participants in hostilities and members of their families. The average waiting period exceeds 14 years.
Putin instructed to find housing for low-income people (other beneficiaries) in a short time. The corresponding instruction to the government of the Russian Federation contains several important definitions:
- real estate remains the property of the state;
- a program to generally improve the comfort (quality of infrastructure) of the urban environment is being activated;
- mortgage rates are reduced to an average level of less than 8%;
- in the total volume of targeted funding, the majority (90%) will be generated from federal funds;
- additional land plots are allocated for the construction of individual residential buildings;
- coordination of actions of departments and organizations is ensured to supply new facilities with electricity, gas, and water.
It should be emphasized that Putin has instructed to provide the poor with quality housing. The prosecutor's office, together with Rospotrebnadzor and the Ministry of Construction of the Russian Federation, will monitor this parameter at the stage of commissioning new buildings.
For your information! To find sufficient resources to implement a project, you need to have accurate initial data. This problem is supposed to be solved using a special database “EGISSO”. It will contain current information about low-income families, grouped by region.
