Taxpayers are aware that reports for the past year must be submitted to the Federal Tax Service within the prescribed period. For delays, tax authorities punish individuals and legal entities with fines. However, payers submit personal income tax declarations to many authorities, in addition to tax control authorities - to financial institutions, consulates, guardianship authorities, for presentation to bailiffs. Let's figure out how long the 2-NDFL certificate is valid when presented to each destination.
What is this document for?
The main document for obtaining a mortgage is a certificate from work, form 2NDFL. Why is it needed and what information does the bank receive from its contents?
2NDFL certificate is an official document from the borrower’s place of work , which is certified by the seal of the enterprise, the signature of the director and accountant. This paper contains information about the income received by a person and taxes paid for a certain period.
A work certificate is proof of a person’s financial stability and that he has an official job.
Some banks accept a certificate in the bank form instead of this document (read about certificates in the VTB 24 bank form here, and here we talk about documents for Sberbank). However, in this case, the interest rate may be much higher, and the down payment may be larger.
Based on this paper, the credit manager assesses the client's solvency , income level, and regularity of salary receipts. Salary information is needed to calculate the mortgage loan amount. If the borrower's monthly income reflected in the document is not high enough, the bank may not approve a loan for a large amount of money with a minimum payment.
What is it for?
The main purpose of this document is to confirm the source of permanent income necessary to repay the loan. It also indicates that its bearer is officially employed, and the money will be paid regularly in accordance with the payment schedule.
The abbreviation NDFL stands for “personal income tax.”
This amendment may be required not only when applying for a mortgage loan, but also in other cases
:
- when processing visa documents;
- during recruitment to another place of work;
- to calculate the amount of alimony payments;
- when adopting children;
- when registering pensions, benefits, deductions and in other cases.
This document may also be required by other authorities and in cases where it is necessary to confirm the source of income and its amount.
Does the bank check income?
A certain part of borrowers receive “gray” salaries while working unofficially. Other clients have a stable income, which they can confirm with a document from work, but officially they receive less than they actually receive (most of the salary is given in envelopes).
These circumstances make it impossible to confirm solvency using Form 2NDFL. Therefore, many borrowers use a trick, taking out fake papers, hoping that the bank employee is simply looking at the salary amount, but does not thoroughly check the document.
In fact, lenders carefully check the document, and the verification can be carried out in two stages .
- The documents are reviewed by a loan officer. He checks the information in the borrower’s application form with the information contained in the 2NDFL certificate and work book. Checked:
- Authenticity of the document (it must be issued by the employer in the prescribed form).
Address and telephone number of the enterprise.
- TIN and legal address.
- The name of the organization that issued the document.
- Availability of signatures of officials and seal of the organization.
- Date of issue (the document must be recent).
- At the second stage, the documents are checked by the bank's security service.
The employee checks whether the borrower really works in the specified organization and whether his real earnings correspond to what is written in 2NDFL. He can contact the company and also make a request to the tax office. If the security service cannot obtain data from the employee’s organization, it can verify the salary by industry in the region of residence. In this way, the bank can understand whether the indicated salary is too high.
If the data is in doubt, the inspector receives clarifying information about the borrower’s employer from the register of legal entities. If your monthly salary has increased sharply in recent months, this may raise suspicions with the bank.
In this case, he can contact the employer and the company’s accountant to clarify the reasons for the salary increase, and also find out whether this income will remain in the future.
If the borrower receives a salary on the card of the bank where he wants to take out a mortgage, then the lender receives information from the report on monetary transactions on the borrower’s personal account.
How long is a document confirming the amount of salary valid?
Banks independently set the period for the 2-NDFL certificate for a mortgage - for some, information for the current year is enough, some want to have data for three years. The bank’s wishes regarding the period must be taken into account when submitting an application to the employer.
The document submitted to the bank must be recent. A certificate taken in January will not be suitable for submission to the lender in June. It is necessary to clarify this information with the credit manager of the bank where the mortgage loan is issued. Sometimes information received last month is not suitable, but it also happens that it is acceptable to provide information prepared 3 months ago.
What should be included?
The official name of the document is a certificate of income of an individual. It is filled out in the prescribed form with the obligatory indication of the following data:
- Date and end of the billing period.
- Information about the employer (OKTMO code, telephone number, Taxpayer Identification Number, name of organization).
- Information about the employee (TIN, full name, taxpayer status, date of birth, citizenship, passport details, code of the subject of the Russian Federation, postal code, residential address).
- Tax amount.
- Next, in the form of a table, information about the salary is indicated (name of the month, income code, amount, deduction code and deduction amount).
- The separate table below shows the amount of all deductions.
- Below is data on the total amount of income for the billing period, the total amount of taxes and deductions.
- Date, signature of the accountant, manager and seal of the organization.
What are suspensive conditions for approval?
A condition suspensive is a condition that must be satisfied within a certain period of time for the mortgage judgment to take full effect. Such conditions will be useful to those whose outstanding loan will be closed very soon. The bank set a condition, and now people know that they can hope for a mortgage, and the bank has not lost another client.
Information. The definition of a suspensive transaction is given by.
Or another case when illegal redevelopment was made in the apartment. By purchasing it with a mortgage, a person provides the apartment as collateral to the bank. But the bank does not need such an apartment as collateral. In this case, the suspensive condition is the way out of the situation - the mortgage is approved, and the person undertakes to eliminate all illegal redevelopment.
Unauthorized redevelopments that the mortgage bank will allow are listed in a separate article.
Conditions precedent are drawn up individually for each mortgage agreement, when both parties are interested in cooperation.
Who issues personal income tax certificate 2?
You can obtain a certificate of income from the employer's accounting department. The employee must provide it within 3 days from the date of application. Some unofficially employed workers resort to cunning and, in collusion with the employer, obtain fictitious certificates, indicating deliberately false information about the amount of their salary. Another part of unscrupulous borrowers buy a document on the Internet.
It is worth considering that administrative liability is provided for providing false information . If the bank finds out that this document is invalid, the mortgage application will not be approved. Plus, this fact of deception will be recorded in the credit history bureau.
IMPORTANT: If a person cannot provide a 2NDFL certificate, then he should not risk falsifying this document. For those who work informally, lenders have provided the opportunity to fill out an income certificate in the bank’s form.
Why can’t I send the completed certificate by email?
The information contained in the certificates is confidential, so sending them through unsecured communication channels, such as email, is impossible.
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Validity
The bank determines the borrower's solvency at the time of his application for a housing loan. Therefore, if a person took out a certificate in January, but submitted documents for a mortgage only in the summer, then, most likely, it will no longer be valid for the bank. The borrower will have to apply for it again.
If the tax certificate is valid for 1 year, then banks have other requirements in this regard. You can find out exactly how long the document will be valid by personally contacting the credit manager or calling the bank’s hotline.
Is it possible to provide a copy
If you need to submit a certificate to several institutions, but there are no other copies, then people have a question whether it is possible to provide copies of the document in this case. The employer is obliged to issue only the original certificate to his subordinate. As for the submission of documents by citizens to various institutions, there is an option to provide copies, but only when this is provided for by local regulations.
Important! Some organizations may not even require confirmation of the paper by a notary in order to attest to its validity; they only need to see the original document.
What to do if you can’t get it
If the future borrower cannot obtain a certificate of income in form 2NDFL, then he will need to provide the bank with other information about his income. This document can be replaced by other certificates and papers:
- personal account statement;
- income certificate in the form of a bank;
- documents confirming regular active or passive income - apartment rental agreement, documents on ownership of securities, service agreement, etc.
If it is impossible to obtain a certificate from the accounting department, the borrower must provide the bank with all documentary evidence that he regularly receives income, otherwise the lender will not be able to assess his reliability and solvency.
A bank income certificate is the main document on the basis of which the bank makes a decision on issuing a mortgage. It is checked first of all, establishing the reliability of the specified data. Without this certificate, you can get a mortgage, but in this case the interest rate will be slightly higher.
How can I apply for a certificate of income (payments made) to the Social Insurance Fund?
Today, an application can be submitted in two ways:
- by contacting the regional office of the FSS of the Russian Federation (in person, through an authorized person or by sending an application by mail);
— online through the personal account of the insured citizen.
For applications sent by other means without attaching a properly completed application with a personal signature (via email, feedback form on the website of a regional branch or the Federal Social Insurance Fund of the Russian Federation, etc.), the issuance of these certificates is IMPOSSIBLE!
Help contents
The document has a standard form, information is presented in the form of a table. After carefully studying the document, you can obtain the following information:
- Name and full details of the organization where the citizen works.
- Personal information of the citizen: passport data, TIN, place of residence.
- The amount of income separately by month of the reporting period.
- Tax base and amount of deductions for the reporting period.
- Were there any deductions during the reporting period and their size?
- Regularity of cash receipts.
Important! In order for a certificate to have legal force, it must be certified. It must have the blue seal of the organization and the signature of the director, as well as the chief accountant.
When applying for loans, banks have their own requirements for certificates. Depending on the bank and the type of loan requested, the certificate must be for the last 2, 6 or 12 months. When applying for a mortgage, documents for the last 12 months are usually requested. Sberbank needs 6 months. The period reflected in the document is determined by each bank at its own discretion.
Each such document is carefully checked first by the manager who works with the client, and then by the bank’s security service. The authenticity of the certificate must be verified.
2-NDFL does not have an expiration date. But banks usually require an average period of 7-30 days. For a mortgage, it is important that the documentation shows the income for the previous month before executing the contract.
How does the bank treat “gray” salaries?
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What income should be to get a mortgage is often of interest to those who receive low official salaries and have good unofficial earnings. As an additional source of finance, the bank can take into account:
- wages from part-time work;
- income from real estate that is rented out or investment (documented);
- regular income from any activity, such as self-employment.
The borrower’s “gray” salary is a risk factor for the bank, although it can be confirmed by providing an account statement showing income. To play it safe, a credit institution may reduce the loan size or offer the candidate not very favorable mortgage terms.
Analysis of the financial situation of the mortgage recipient
Bank managers pay special attention to the financial situation of the future borrower. The main source of funds for the majority of the economically active population is wages. A potential mortgage borrower must document the amount of his salary. The 2-NDFL paper is valid for a calendar month.
Most private employers in Russia pay employees “unofficial wages.” Directors of companies deliberately underestimate the amount of wages, which are indicated in the employment contract (if there is one). Employees of government agencies and employees of large enterprises receive a completely “white” salary. “Black wages” are becoming an insurmountable obstacle to obtaining a mortgage loan.
When calculating the scoring score, not only salary is taken into account. If the client has documentary evidence of additional income, then it can be taken into account by the credit manager. We are talking about the following types of assets:
- Income from real estate rental;
- Royalties, which are due by law to authors of musical and literary works;
- Civil transactions confirmed by relevant agreements.
The listed types of income are confirmed by receipts, account statements and other financial documentation. “Non-transparent” schemes for obtaining funds will not be accepted for consideration.
