How is rent calculated? Structure, accrual rules

When apartment owners receive the next receipt with payment for utilities, the large amounts in it do not make anyone happy . And therefore, almost everyone from time to time has a question: how is payment for utility services calculated, what does the increase depend on, is it possible to save on something, or not pay at all.

The principle of charging for services is established by law, but it may be influenced by some factors - for example, the presence of subsidies, benefits, the presence of meters or their absence.

How utility bills are calculated - such information is useful to everyone who pays for an apartment and its maintenance. After all, this knowledge will allow you to control charges and not pay above the tariff or for services that were not provided.

Factors

Two apartments with the same area and other technical characteristics may cost their owners different amounts. If residents do not know all the nuances of calculating payment for housing and communal services, this fact can cause confusion and even indignation.

But it should be borne in mind that the total amount of rent may be affected by several factors:

• Living space area. The calculation of payment for heating and maintenance of the house depends on this indicator.
• The type of housing is also taken into account. This could be a private house, an apartment, a privatized dorm room.
• An important factor is the quantity and quality of services provided.
• It is imperative to count the number of people registered in an apartment or house. This applies to many services, especially those that are calculated not according to a meter, but according to standards.
• Affects

Accrual is made according to the meter or according to established standards. Standards are fixed at the state level, but regions may have their own amendments.

All about subsidies

The subsidy is a real means of saving on utility bills and rent. In order to take advantage of such benefits, you just need to calculate the amount of this very subsidy, which will be the very amount of money that can be saved.

However, there are legal norms and rules on the basis of which only certain categories of people may qualify for these benefits.

At this point in time, such compensation for expenses related to utility bills is provided if their cost exceeds more than 22% of the total family monthly income. And the regional government, in turn, has every legal basis to reduce this indicator.

For a situation in which a family of several people actually lives in a particular apartment, but only one resident is registered, the calculation of the subsidy amount will be carried out taking into account the share of each member of this family in their family budget.

When a person does not know how to correctly calculate the exact amount of such benefits, he needs to contact the department of social protection of the population, because the amount of the calculated subsidy depends on a huge number of various circumstances. Having provided such an organization with all the necessary documents, specialists will tell the applicant exactly whether he falls into the category of beneficiaries or not. If the answer is positive, then the additional payment will be calculated regularly - once a month.

There are certain categories of persons who, a priori, according to the law, are not entitled to a subsidy. In addition to citizens, the benefit does not apply to certain types of activities:

We recommend that you read:

Receipts for utility bills

1. The subsidy is not applicable when paying for rented premises that are municipal property.
2. When collecting contributions for major repairs of an apartment building.
3. When collecting contributions for the maintenance and repair of premises.
4. When paying for concierge services, intercom, video surveillance and similar services.

The legislator closes this list.

For people applying for this category of benefits, there is a certain regulatory framework that describes an algorithm of step-by-step actions for applying for subsidies. And, based on the provisions of such documents, it should be noted that the owner who has arrears in paying utility bills will not be able to issue such an additional payment until he pays off the entire debt in full. To repay the existing debt, you must enter into an appropriate agreement with the management company. At the same time, the period during which this debt was formed is completely unimportant.

Based on the foregoing, we can conclude that given such circumstances, it is extremely important to clarify the procedure for calculating penalties for utilities. After all, it is also included in the principal amount of the debt. And until it is repaid, there can be no talk of compensation. Therefore, residents are strongly advised to pay utility bills on time, so as not to become hostage to such an unpleasant situation.

The categories of citizens who have the right to be subsidized include:

• low-income people and large families;
• people in difficult life situations (for example, disability, extreme need);
• pensioners;
• people without an official place of employment who are registered with the employment service;
• people who have awards, services to the Motherland, a certain specific status (for example, a veteran);
• tenants of residential premises in private houses (subject to a formal rental agreement);
• residents of houses belonging to the official and municipal funds;
• owners of non-residential premises (subject to officially registered ownership);
• participants in a housing construction enterprise.

The legislator closes the list.

To apply for a subsidy, you must provide a certain package of documents to the social protection authorities. This can be done at the place of registration or by resorting to the services of a multifunctional center.

Here is a list of such documents:

• handwritten statement;
• copies that confirm the applicant’s ownership of housing or a rental agreement for municipal housing;
• certificate of the number of registered persons in a given residential area;
• certificate of affiliation with family members of the applicant;
• certificates of income of family members;
• utility bills for the last month.

Without at least one of the above documents, no one will calculate, calculate, calculate subsidy payments and similar benefits. And it is foolish to believe that a difficult life situation is a guarantee that the state will pay without having the appropriate documents. The only correct way out is to comply with all requirements and conditions.

If the application is approved, the subsidy is provided for six months. After this statute of limitations has expired, documents must be submitted again. Also, resubmission of documents will be necessary if the amount of family income changes significantly or the number of family members registered in a given territory changes.

The main point is to under no circumstances become a debtor. Otherwise, all benefits from the state will be cancelled. Delay or late payments regarding your property, each meter of it and payment for utilities are a negative point when trying to apply for benefits.

How is payment calculated?

Each apartment receives a monthly receipt indicating the service fee. What columns may be present on the receipt? This is payment for the supply of electricity, gas, water, electrics, payment for the maintenance of the house (cleaning of common areas, garbage removal, etc.).

The scope of services may be different for each apartment building, because this is influenced by the number of floors, age of the building, features of utility networks, and the presence of meters.

Some payments are calculated per person, some based on individual metering devices located in the apartment. The receipt that arrives at the apartment address must indicate the services provided for in the contract that were actually provided.

If the amount is overestimated, payers must demand clarification and recalculation. The cost of services must be approved by special government bodies, and it can also be determined by local governments.

ATTENTION! The procedure for calculating utility bills involves the use of established standards and meter readings.

Each service has its own tariff, which affects the amount of payment. The population should have information about changes, increases in tariffs, and the rationale for such increases.

Nuances when setting rent

Currently, the state is characterized by the presence of companies that manage the house; their responsibilities include accrual and calculation of rent (calculator) and payment for utilities. However, every conscientious citizen should be able to independently calculate the amount that he must pay (reimburse) for the use of housing and communal services.

Initially, it should be noted that the issue of paying cash charges is regulated by the Housing Code, which states in black and white that absolutely every homeowner is obliged to pay fees for maintenance, as well as for the provision of utilities.

Here is an average list of services that a housing management company is required to provide:

1. Renting out municipal housing.
2. Maintenance and carrying out current repair work.
3. Maintenance and repair of utilities.
4. Taking readings from public metering devices.
5. Debt collection for housing and communal services payments.
6. Removing garbage and maintaining order in the local area.
7. Mailbox repair and many other services.

Major repairs are also an important concept.

Collection of funds for major repairs is not included in the payment of utilities. Therefore, a subsidy or any other benefit does not apply to this concept.

So, the utilities include:

• electricity supply;
• gas supply:
• supply of cold water;
• hot water supply;
• heat supply.

The cost of provided utilities includes: fees for electricity, hot and cold water, gas, heating, as well as related payments associated with these services.

Also, do not forget that the amount of payment for utility services is influenced by:

1. Availability of a balcony in the apartment.
2. Its total square footage.
3. Number of people living.
4. Indications of water supply devices.
5. The presence of partial heating or heating of the room,

The absence of such services greatly reduces the cost of paying for them. You will have to pay much less.

The tariff for each of the above services is set by the Federal Tariff Service, which, in turn, is based on the resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation of 2006. However, regional governments have full authority to independently regulate prices for certain types of utilities, depending on the specific conditions for a given territory. That is, local governments can establish so-called new social consumption standards (for example, for hot water).

Also, how to calculate rent and how to calculate utilities is influenced by a number of related factors, namely:

• presence or absence of benefits from the owner or tenant;
• the number of residents registered in a given residential area;
• presence or absence of meters;
• physical absence of owners or tenants from the territory of residence for an indefinite period of time and many others.

If such factors are absent, then the fee for services will be less.

If a person does not know how to correctly calculate the rent, there is no need to panic. This is not a problem at all. Employees of the management company are required to calculate this and provide it to the tenant in the form of a payment receipt. If a situation ever arises that requires independent calculation, then this will not require much work, and all the necessary information and explanations regarding this issue will be provided below.

How to pay bills correctly

When drawing up an agreement with the Management Company, housing cooperative, resource supply organizations, the residents of the house assume responsibilities for timely and full payment for the provided utilities. In this case, services must be provided at a high professional level, taking into account approved standards.

They should also be provided regularly. If apartment residents, receiving their next receipt, evade payment, they not only accumulate utility debt, but also add a penalty and a fine. The payer cannot miss information about an existing debt or penalty, because it is also indicated in the payment order.

A special program has been developed for the housing and communal services sector, which is responsible for calculating all utility bills; this is no longer done manually. The human factor is eliminated, and errors in calculations become fewer. But it is still desirable that every apartment owner be able to calculate their rent, so I can control it.

The program works on the basis of the information received, it is submitted by employees of housing and communal services institutions. If the owner of an apartment receives, for example, a subsidy, the housing and communal services employee must add this data to the database.

Where to contact regarding violations in the calculation of utility services? When a homeowner or tenants suspect that rent has been charged incorrectly, they should immediately contact the billing department of the building maintenance company.

Legislative norms

The rules and procedure for calculating the cost of utility services and the timing of their payment are established by such regulations as:

1. Housing Code. Articles 153-154 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation determine the deadlines for making payments and establish the obligations of the owner to make payments.
2. The Civil Code establishes the procedure for concluding an agreement with the Management Company on whose balance sheet the apartment is placed in order to supply resources to ensure life in the premises and provide utilities.
3. Government Decree No. 857 of 08/27/12. rules for the provision of utility services to owners and users in apartment buildings were approved. It also outlines the types of utility services, the rules for calculating and depositing funds by users and homeowners.

The Housing Code regulates payment issues:

• housing maintenance;
• rental of living space from municipal, official and state funds;
• utilities;
• contributions for major repairs.

The obligation to timely pay for utilities is assigned by law to the following subjects of housing relations:

• owners;
• employers;
• members of housing cooperatives;
• tenants.

Payment for utilities for residential areas built as part of shared construction is assigned to the developer before the purchase of the apartment by the buyer.

From what point is rent charged in a new building? The law clearly defines this date: the moment of signing the transfer and acceptance certificate by the owner. There are exceptions when the buyer is offered to sign an additional agreement obliging him to pay for housing and communal services 2-3 months before signing the acceptance certificate.

Property owners and tenants are required to make all payments by the 10th day of each month based on payment receipts.

The responsibility to inform citizens about accrued payments and the amount of debt is assigned to:

• organizations managing apartment buildings;
• settlement centers;
• resource supply organizations.

Housing and communal services tariffs and standards are regulated by local legislation, so the amounts in receipts for residents of different cities may differ even if the residential premises are completely identical.

The payment invoice contains a list of services that the user needs to pay for . Recommendations for calculating rent are approved by local authorities.

Regardless of whether the owner/tenant of the premises agrees with the amount presented for payment or not, he has the responsibility to pay the receipts on time.

How to calculate it yourself

If you have useful information about calculating utility bills, you can do it yourself, for comparison with the amount in the received payment. First you need to understand the types of services, they can be housing and utilities:

1. Utilities are the supply of water, gas, electricity, heat. This also includes drainage and general house needs.
2. Housing – maintenance of housing, its repair. If the apartment is municipal, rented, the group of housing services also includes renting an apartment.

Payment for utilities is made either on the basis of meter readings, or on the basis of established standards and tariffs. Meters can be apartment (individual) and communal. If the metering device is for a common house, payment for the service is calculated taking into account the living space and the number registered on it.

This information will be useful to those who want to control the rent on their own for different types of services:

• Cold water supply is calculated according to meter readings or according to standards (taking into account the number of people living in an apartment or house). To calculate, you need the tariff in force at that time. When there is no meter in the apartment, the data from the common building meter, water consumption in non-residential premises, and the number of residents of apartments not equipped with an IPU are taken into account.
• Without a common building meter, payment for cold water is calculated according to a simple scheme - the tariff is multiplied by the current norm and by the number of people registered in the apartment. Payment for hot water supply services is calculated using a similar principle.
• Payment for electricity is made according to the meter readings. Such a device is installed in every apartment and house; this is a legal requirement. The electricity consumption indicator is multiplied by the tariff. Electricity spent in common areas is often paid for under the maintenance of the house.
• Heating is a special column in the rent receipt. There are already apartments that have heating meters installed, in most cases it is autonomous. More often, the calculation is made based on the indicators of a common house heat meter. In this case, you need to take into account the heated area of ​​​​the housing and the current tariff.
• But apartment residents also pay for heating of common areas, if radiators are installed there and risers are installed. This payment is included in general house needs and depends on the number of apartments and the heated area.
• How will major repairs be paid for? This is a service that falls under the category of general house needs; it must be paid for if you do not want to live in a dilapidated building. A certain tariff is also set for payment; it may vary depending on the region. The tariff is multiplied by the number of apartments in the apartment building, by the area of ​​residential and non-residential premises.

These are the main indicators for calculating services, utilities and housing. If the building has an intercom or an elevator, their payment will also be included in the receipt; it depends on the number of apartments and other indicators. It is necessary to monitor not only the amounts in the payment columns, but also the additional information in it.

ATTENTION! If tariffs, standards, or other nuances in payment calculations change, apartment residents should immediately receive information about this.

How is rent calculated and what does it consist of?

Utility payments include:

1. Housing maintenance . This service applies only to apartment buildings and involves residents paying for the costs of caring for common areas in the house (basements, attics, entrances), which are connected to heating systems, lighting, require cleaning, etc. Residents of high-rise buildings are also required to pay for major repairs of the house and the labor of the people who manage this farm.
2. Public utilities . This includes the supply of gas, water, heating.
3. Payment of hire . This service is paid for by persons living in a municipal apartment that belongs to the state or a certain department.

Not everyone knows how rent is calculated: according to regulations or by area? So, according to the number of persons registered in the apartment, only part of the services is paid, namely:

• gas;
• water;
• electricity;
• waste water waste;
• garbage removal.

For example, there are 4 people registered in an apartment. If you did not have time to install metering devices (meters), then for the use of gas, water, sewerage, electricity and for garbage removal, you will be charged the amount according to the tariff and the accepted standard, multiplied by 4.

Amounts for other items (heating and maintenance of apartment buildings) are calculated based on the area of ​​the apartment and the general consumption of services. Total consumption is calculated for all residential premises in the house, and then distributed to each apartment in proportion to the share of square footage in the total area.

On what area is rent calculated? Utility payments are calculated only from the area that is in use. Balconies, loggias, terraces and verandas are not subject to payment. The area of ​​the premises involved in calculating payments for maintenance and repairs is taken from the technical passport of the residential premises.

How is rent calculated if no one is registered in the apartment and there are no meters? The absence of registered persons in the apartment does not exempt the owner from paying utility bills. If no one is registered in the apartment and no meters are installed, then the calculation is made for 1 person.

To avoid paying for unused utilities, install meters for gas, electricity and water. But you will still have to pay for housing maintenance services and general household needs.

What to do if a person is registered but lives at a different address? In order not to pay for it, take a certificate from the place of residence of this person confirming the fact that he paid for utilities at another address.

Submit this certificate along with your application to the housing office and all organizations providing services. After this, the payment amount will be revised. This procedure will have to be repeated every six months.

Temporary registration, just like permanent registration, affects the amount of utility bills (Article 155 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation) . In this case, an additional agreement is concluded for the period of residence of the temporary guest in the apartment, which is valid as long as the temporary guest lives in the apartment.

The total amount of rent is calculated as follows: current tariffs are multiplied by indicators for consumed housing and communal services resources. Accruals are made in different ways: according to the readings of individual meters or according to common house metering devices. They determine the consumption of water, gas, electricity, and heat.

To calculate utility bills, the availability of benefits for residents is also taken into account. The type of apartment is also taken into account: communal, municipal, social, privatized. If there are no individual meters in the apartment, charges are made according to standards established at the regional level.

The standard is a unit of consumption of a housing and communal services resource by one resident . With this calculation, the volume of resource consumed does not matter; The number of officially residing citizens and the size of living space are taken into account. Standards are calculated in accordance with Government Decree No. 354 “On the provision of public services...”.

Online calculator

There are many services available for the maintenance and servicing of a home, so not everyone can understand the calculation system and independently calculate the amount due for payment.

In this case, you can use a convenient and simple online calculator located on the housing and communal services website https://www.fstrf.ru/calc-jkh. The action takes a little time, the calculator includes current tariffs.

It is enough to indicate the indicators of your metering devices, some data on the apartment, in order to receive a payment for the communal apartment. It may differ slightly from what will be indicated on the receipt .

If the discrepancy is large, you should contact the service company, utility or housing service provider for clarification.

IMPORTANT! Consumers of utility services have the right to know about upcoming tariff increases and changes in regulations.

How to check whether rent is calculated correctly?

To avoid unreasonable overpayments, carefully check the data contained in the receipt, namely:

• correspondence of information on the number of registered persons and the area of ​​residential real estate;
• the validity of changes in tariffs for services and consumption standards;
• introduction of new payment points;
• charging for services not provided.

The correctness of the charges indicated on the receipt can be checked using the “Utility Payments Calculator for Citizens of the Russian Federation,” which is posted on the website of the Federal Tariff Service.

Let's say you identify errors in your receipt. Where to go if the rent is charged incorrectly? First of all, contact the Management Company, which is obliged on the basis of Art. 10 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation to provide residents with unhindered access to information about payments. Information is provided based on written and electronic requests within 10 days.

If a response is not received from the Criminal Code or the applicant is not satisfied with the result of the consideration of the application, then a complaint can be filed with the Housing Inspectorate or the Prosecutor's Office.

The Housing Code also provides for the possibility of reducing payments for housing and communal services in the event of poor-quality provision of services. The consumer must record this fact in a special act, then submit an application for recalculation of payments for utility services.

Now you can independently calculate the costs of housing and communal services and, possibly, recalculate in your favor.

How to save money

Even accurately, correctly calculated payments can cause outrage with their amounts. Unfortunately, tariffs are rising, consumers need to take this into account . But there are simple ways to save on many services:

1. The legal requirement for the installation of individual metering devices, common meters, is beneficial to residents and apartment owners. If you see real indicators of the consumption of light, water, gas, you want to find opportunities to reduce consumption. High-quality plumbing, economical light bulbs, and other simple means will reduce consumption.
2. Owners of apartments in MKDs should be interested in increasing the heat-saving properties of the house. Insulating walls, replacing windows - all this will quickly pay off by reducing heating bills.
3. It is also important to monitor the quality of the services provided, to demand a recalculation if water or electricity was supplied intermittently, if the local area is not cleaned, and garbage is rarely removed.

Many families can receive benefits and subsidies, which also allow them to pay less for utilities, but you need to know the relevant laws.

Possible payment methods

In the modern world, you can pay for utilities either in cash or using a non-cash payment method (electronic money, Internet banking). An increasing number of people are resorting to paying utility bills online using non-cash payments. You can do this using:

• applications for your phone or tablet;
• establishing automatic payment from a bank card;
• sending SMS messages to a dedicated bank number to make payments.

And if you use Internet banking, then in your personal account there is an automatic monthly payment function.

Payment in cash can be made at post offices, cash desks of management companies, as well as through specially equipped payment terminals. This is very convenient for people who have not mastered or do not have the opportunity to use modern payment methods for various reasons. Also, by paying for services at the offices of management companies, all issues of interest to citizens can be resolved at the same time.

And most importantly, receipts for payment of utility bills must be kept for at least three years. This is the period during which management companies have the right to appeal to the courts in the event of any conflict.

Having reviewed all the above information, we can conclude that the calculation and payment of utility services currently cannot cause inconvenience to the citizens of the country, because the state is doing everything possible to simplify this procedure and make life easier for people in this area. The only rule regarding this issue is control of home accounting and timely payment of housing and communal services.