Memo for residents of an apartment building. Repair and replacement of elevators
According to paragraph 1 of Art. 162 of the Housing Code (LC) of the Russian Federation, the owners of residential premises enter into a written agreement for the management of an apartment building with a licensed management organization. The management organization, on behalf of the homeowners, carries out work on the maintenance and repair of the common property of the house (Clause 2 of Article 162 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation).
Who should repair
In accordance with clause 22 of part II of the “Minimum list of services and work necessary to ensure proper maintenance of common property in an apartment building”, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 2013 No. 290, the management organization carries out work on the maintenance and repair of the elevator (elevators) in apartment building. For this purpose, the management organization (customer) enters into an agreement with a company (performer) that has a license to carry out such work in the form of a written contract. Under this agreement, the contractor is obliged to:
- periodic inspections and maintenance of elevator equipment;
- its current repair;
- emergency maintenance;
- preparing equipment for technical examination.
Turnaround time
The contract specifies the deadlines for the work to be completed by the contractor:
- inspections and routine repairs - on weekdays from 9 to 18 hours;
- unexpected stops of the elevator with passengers - within 30 minutes after receiving the message by the contractor’s dispatcher;
- arrival of the contractor's specialists after the dispatcher of the contractor receives a message about a malfunction of the elevator equipment - within 2 hours from 9 to 18 o'clock on weekdays, within 4 hours - at other times.
If it takes more than four hours to fix an elevator malfunction, the contractor informs the customer about the deadline for completing the work.
If, in order to eliminate a malfunction, it is necessary to carry out major repair work on elevator equipment, the contractor enters into a separate agreement or contract with the customer and performs the work for a fee and within a certain period of time.
A bilateral document is signed in advance, indicating the reasons for the equipment malfunction.
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How the capital's elevators are being replaced: standards
In 2021, there should be no morally or physically obsolete elevator equipment left in the city, that is, elevators older than 25 years. First of all, equipment with swing doors and elevators in frame-attached shafts will be replaced.
The operating life of the elevator is 25 years, after which diagnostics are carried out and a decision is made whether to replace the elevator or extend the permit for its operation. Replacement costs are paid by the Moscow City Capital Repair Fund.
From the start of the regional capital repair program in 2015 until the end of this year, the Moscow Capital Repair Fund will replace more than 11 thousand elevators. In total, since 2011, more than 24 thousand lifts have been completely replaced. In 2017 alone, over five thousand lifts in more than 1,080 houses will be replaced.
New elevators must meet modern requirements for safety, comfort and energy efficiency.
New booths that appear in Moscow entrances must be vandal-proof: the coating of the panels allows the drawings to be easily washed off. The buttons in such elevators cannot be cut or set on fire, and the light bulbs cannot be unscrewed. New elevator models are also more convenient for people with disabilities. Floor numbers on the buttons are indicated by Braille symbols and there is an audible notification of arrival on the floor.
Security issues have also been thought out in more detail. For example, the photocell, which detects a foreign object and prevents the elevator from closing, is now located along the entire height of the doors.
The time frame for installing equipment is individual for each building. If the house has up to 12 floors, then installation will take about 45–55 calendar working days; for houses with 13 to 17 floors, this period will be 55–75 days.
Repair request
The application must be submitted orally or in writing.
Oral
Submitted to the dispatch service of the organization servicing the elevator. The name of the organization and the dispatcher's telephone number are on a sign in the elevator car and on an information stand in each entrance of the building.
To submit an oral application, you need to call the dispatcher on a mobile phone or press the “Contact the dispatcher” button in the elevator cabin, provide the house number, entrance number and the reason for the request (the elevator is stuck, the cabin movement control buttons do not work, the elevator jerks when moving, there is a strong vibration, etc.).
Be sure to write down the name of the dispatcher and the number of your request indicated in the log of requests for elevator repairs.
Written
An application for elevator repair is submitted to the director of the management company. The law does not define a single form of appeal, but there are certain rules for its execution:
- in the header you must indicate the details of the management company in whose name the application is being written;
- describe all problems with the elevator;
- sign the application and date it.
If an application is submitted by several residents, it is of a collective nature and is signed by these residents indicating the last name, first name, and patronymic of each applicant. Examples of applications to the management company:
- Application for elevator repair.
- Collective complaint about the operation of the elevator.
The application, complaint or claim is drawn up in two copies. Submitted to the reception office of the director of the management company.
The secretary must register the application, put the incoming application number, date and sign on your copy in the upper left corner.
From handling to commissioning: who should repair elevators and how?
Management companies are now responsible for the condition of elevators in the capital. They enter into an agreement with a company specializing in servicing elevators and monitor the completion of the work. The largest ones are Praktika LLC, Podyom LLC, Pervaya Liftovaya LLC.
In the event of a sudden elevator breakdown due to fire, flooding, theft, natural disaster or vandalism, unscheduled repairs are carried out.
A description of the damage and an estimate of the work are provided by the contractors to the HOA, housing cooperative or management company within one working day. Next, the district government is notified about the accident and a joint commission is created to inspect the elevator. Based on its results, a government contract must be concluded within three working days, and only then the repairs begin.
Emergency repairs include the replacement of one or more parts: winch or main drive electric motor, hydraulic drive, cabin door drive, button stations, cabin and its components, support rollers, shaft and cabin doors, control station, safety devices, frequency converter, tensioner , speed limiter.
To prevent accidents due to technical condition, annual technical inspections are carried out, as well as repairs and scheduled maintenance of elevators. The latest generation elevators are equipped with microprocessor control systems. A technical inspection is carried out on them monthly, and a special device allows the electromechanic to quickly analyze the condition of the entire system.
Residents do not have to pay separately for elevator maintenance. These costs are already included in the single payment document.
Replacing elevators in an apartment building
Elevators are common property. Their replacement is planned and unplanned.
The elevator must be replaced in the following cases:
- The service life specified in the passport has expired.
- 25 years have passed since the elevator was put into operation, and the service life is not indicated in the passport.
- The decision of the certification body to refuse to extend the validity period of the “Elevator Certificate of Conformity” based on the results of inspection control (Article 6, paragraph 2.14, paragraph 3 of TR CU 011/2011).
- An accident that precludes further use of elevator equipment.
At whose expense?
There are four sources of funding:
- Own funds of apartment owners.
- Municipal funds.
- State subsidies for the housing capital repair program.
- Borrowed funds.
Elevators can be replaced during a major home renovation or at any time when such replacement is necessary. There are two possible events:
- Your home is not included in the federal capital improvement program.
- Your home is included in this program.
In the first case, apartment owners and city authorities pay for the replacement of the elevator (fee for municipal apartments). When there is not enough own funds, they turn to borrowed funds (bank loans).
In the second case, part of the payment is made by the homeowners, and the rest is compensated by the state . If in this case the owners do not have enough money to pay for their share, they can take out a loan (borrowed funds).
How do you pay
Since 2014, apartment owners have been making payments “for major housing repairs” (Article 154, clause 2.2). In this way, a capital repair fund is formed. The funds of this fund are located in a special account or in the account of the regional operator of the capital repair fund.
When carrying out major repairs within the framework of the federal program, the account of the regional operator is used. If there is no money there, it is forcibly withdrawn from the special account.
If the house is not included in the federal program, payment for the replacement of elevators is made from a special account of the management company.
What types of elevator repairs exist?
Replacing an elevator is a last resort measure, which in our country is used most often when the elevator is already completely faulty, cannot be repaired, or has fallen into the shaft. Typically, problems in elevator operation are solved through various types of routine or major repairs.
An elevator is a lifting mechanism that requires compliance with certain operating rules. The elevator belongs to the common property of the apartment building. The management company must maintain the lifting mechanism.
The most commonly used elevator repair methods are:
- Technical inspection . According to the schedule created by the management company, the elevator is regularly checked for serviceability and safety of its operation. The lighting, operation of the buttons, and the lifting mechanism are checked.
- Emergency maintenance and emergency troubleshooting . Such repairs usually occur when a person gets stuck in an elevator and needs to be rescued urgently.
- Maintenance . The need for it is usually identified at the time of technical inspection. These are minor damages that can be repaired in a matter of hours. For example, one of the vandals tore out a button in the elevator or cut off the power to the lighting.
- Scheduled and unscheduled overhaul of the elevator . Residents of an apartment building make monthly contributions to the fund for capital repairs of the house. If the elevator malfunctions, the management company must replace it at the expense of these funds.
Replacement of elevator equipment usually occurs at the expense of the management company . Residents of the house constantly pay not only for major repairs of the house, but also for the maintenance and servicing of the elevator.
Over several years, a significant amount accumulates. And replacing an elevator occurs extremely rarely in houses. Elevators have a long service life.
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According to Articles 39 and 44 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation, owners of residential premises are responsible for the safety and operation of common property, therefore, a decision on the need to replace elevator equipment can only be made at a meeting of owners. The decision report, along with a complete set of documents, must be submitted to Rostechnadzor, which in turn makes a decision on replacing the elevators in the building. The conditions for participation in the program say that the state pays from 80 to 90% of the cost of work to replace the elevator, the rest must be paid by the residents of the building. When reviewed and approved by Rostechnadzor, several criteria for selecting applications are applied:
What to do and where to go if the elevator in the house often breaks down and gets stuck, if it stops working altogether? Who should pay for the elevator replacement? Readers of the Public Electronic Newspaper received answers to all these questions during the online conference of the head of the State Housing Inspectorate of the Republic of Bashkortostan, Ildar Zamaletdinov.
Criteria for determining the condition of an elevator structure
The main criteria for the condition of the structure when inspecting an elevator are as follows:
- serviceability of such elements as: winch, elevator doors, control system, lighting and alarm, communication with the dispatcher;
- mine fencing must comply with the requirements of PUBEL;
- the mechanisms for unlocking mine doors using an emergency key are checked.
What is the service life of an elevator in residential buildings?
The maximum service life of elevator structures is considered to be 25 years. Determining the possible service life of an elevator consists of the following indicators:
- requirements determined by GOST: the elevator cabin can be used for 25 years, mechanism parts up to 12 years and 6 months;
- data provided by the manufacturer;
- existing breakdowns (after they are eliminated, repeated testing is carried out);
- the degree of activity of using the lift.
The higher the level of maintenance of elevator equipment, the longer the structure can be used.
When to report a breakdown
In addition to cases when the elevator does not arrive when called, you need to submit an application to check the serviceability of elevator equipment in the following cases:
- if the elevator makes strange sharp sounds when moving;
- in the absence of lighting in the cabin;
- if the floor level of the cabin when stopped does not coincide with the floor level of the floor;
- when elevator doors jam;
- with regular short elevator stops between floors.
All of the above signs may indicate the presence of hidden faults in the elevator equipment.
Prompt elimination of such problems will help avoid accidents.
