Recently, the popularity of recreation centers in Russia has increased sharply. So, according to some data, in the period from 2021 to 2021. The demand for such services has increased by as much as 60%. Compared to Europe, such businesses are present everywhere, and prices for services are several times lower. The bulk of clients are representatives of the middle class, residents of large cities and metropolises. Around the world, green tourism has long been a separate segment of the tourism market. Recreation centers are especially popular in the USA, China, Great Britain, France and Germany. In Russia, according to analysts, this promising type of tourism still has everything ahead...
Step-by-step plan for opening a recreation center
1. Develop a competent business plan. Conduct market research for similar services in your city/region. Which services are missing and which are fully present. This is important from a competitive standpoint.
You should pay attention to the distance of the future recreation center from the nearest city. The closer, the better. It is also important to have convenient access roads and good road surfaces, so that even in rainy weather people can freely come or leave.
The geography of the area must include at least the presence of a river or lake, and even better, foothills on the river bank. This is the most favorable resting place for a person. You will need several hectares of free space.
2. At the second stage, it is necessary to search for sources of financing. Create a budget for your project. Where will you get the funds from? Your investment can be made up of:
- personal savings;
- credit resources attracted from commercial banks;
- participation in government business support programs (grants, subsidized interest rates, low-interest loans, etc.).
The amount of business investment directly depends on the scale of your project. If a recreation center is built in an “open field,” then investments start from 1 million rubles. Even if it’s limited to a few houses. In most cases, the investment amounts to hundreds of thousands of dollars.
The size of the investment may be several times smaller if the project is implemented on the basis of an existing recreation center that has not functioned for some time. Since the collapse of the USSR, many abandoned camps and recreation centers have remained, which are still on the balance of the state.1
3. After completing the search for territory to implement the project, it is necessary to conclude a long-term lease agreement for the land plot. If the land plot belongs to the state (local government) by right of ownership, then you should contact the KUMI (KUGI) department of the city/village administration. They have a list of all the properties that they are willing to rent out for the long term. It is possible even without holding a tender (auction) and with the right to purchase the land.
When looking for a site for a recreation center, find out whether the territory borders on nature reserves or national parks. parks, natural monuments, etc. Does your plan to build a recreation center violate the territories of specially protected zones? Otherwise, in the future you will be tormented by inspections and complaints from environmentalists and other “green” movements.
4. Build houses, showers, a bathhouse, a summer cafe or a dining room. Costs at this stage will be the highest. Although you can save money somewhere. For example, it is not necessary to build two-story brick cottages - it is enough to order several wooden log houses (from 250 thousand rubles) and build one administrative building. Even if it's not heated. This will be enough to provide services in the summer.
Next, playgrounds for volleyball, football, and table tennis should be equipped. You can also take care of the children by installing sandboxes and swings for them. To add a special zest to the area, you can spend money on making unique figures and sculptures (small architectural forms).
A future recreation center cannot do without providing engineering services. If you can do without water, you can’t do without electricity. If there is no nearby power line, the cost of supplying electricity can be significant. The connection itself may take a long time, so such issues are resolved in advance.
Land question. How to choose the right glamping site.
The basic document regulating land use in Russia is the Land Code. But in addition to the Land Code, there are many federal laws and laws of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation that affect land use issues.
1. Where to get information about the purpose of the land.
But how can you find the data indicating where you can build glamping, and where it is strictly prohibited? (first you need to determine the VRI). Below are the following search tools:
– in the “public cadastral map” service on the website https://pkk.rosreestr.ru – free of charge, – order an extract about the territorial zone from Rosreestr through the MFC or government services, for citizens 300 rubles electronically, 1500 rubles on paper, for legal entities 3 times more expensive. – only the owner of the site can order a town planning plan through the MFC or government services – free of charge, – order an extract from the PZZ from the administration of the local government – free of charge for copyright holders, – view the PZZ on the website of the administration of the local government – free of charge.
2. How to change the purpose of land
First, you need to carefully study the general plan of the area, which fixes the prospect of changing the category of land. Land can be changed, for example, from a populated area to recreation, etc. If the general plan does not allow changing the categories of land, then first you need to change it (with the help of local governments). Otherwise, the gene must be changed. plan and transfer the land from one category to another with the help of local governments. It is possible to transfer the site to another category, for example, to Lands of Specially Protected Territories and Objects: subcategory - recreation).
Article 8 of the Land Code of the Russian Federation
The transfer of land from one category to another is carried out in relation to:
- lands that are privately owned: - lands for agricultural purposes - by executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation; - lands for other special purposes - by local governments.
A suitable option for you may be to build a forest on agricultural land.
The government decree of 2021 on the specifics of the use of agricultural land allows owners to grow forest on their land, which means there are prospects for the further development of glamping on plots of the agricultural category. It opens up opportunities for other types of activities previously prohibited on lands of this category. From this Resolution it follows that on agricultural land, after notifying local authorities of the intention to grow forest, it is possible to carry out recreational activities.
Recreational activities are not currently included in the list of Types of Permitted Use (APU) of agricultural land. Where does this possibility come from? Clause 4 of the Regulations approved by the resolution states that forests grown on agricultural land can be used for the purposes specified in clauses 1 - 10 and 13 - 15 of Art. 25 of the Forestry Code of the Russian Federation, part 1. Clause 8 of the specified article of the LC is formulated simply: “carrying out recreational activities.” But Article 25 of the LC, to which the Resolution directly refers, indicates that it is possible to engage in recreational activities, and Art. 41 of the same Direct Forest Code says:
Article 41 “Use of forests for recreational activities”:
1. Forests can be used for recreational activities for the purpose of organizing recreation, tourism, physical education, health and sports activities. 2. When carrying out recreational activities in forests, it is allowed to erect non-permanent buildings and structures on forest areas and carry out their improvement.
This is a way out of the situation. But the question remains regarding the conditions for growing forests and other aspects related to doing business.
The following categories of land are not exactly suitable:
1) Lands of industry, energy, transport 2) Lands of the water fund 3) Lands of reserve
From March 1, 2022, amendments will come into force allowing farmers to build residential buildings on agricultural territory. Many were waiting for them, but it will not be possible to develop agricultural land on a massive scale. Let's figure out why, together with the founder of the Interregional Legal Center for Land Relations, Candidate of Legal Sciences Ekaterina Ivanova.
Firstly, there are restrictions on the building area of the site - 0.25%. This means that to build a house at least 50 square meters. m will require a plot of 2 hectares. Secondly, this type of permitted use of the site as a “peasant farm” is not provided for by the approved classifier of types of permitted use. Thirdly, farmers are no longer registered as farmers. If you want to engage in agriculture, the road is open. Register as a regular LLC or individual entrepreneur. But it is still unknown how to prove that you are a farmer when registering a house. After all, registration of the special status of a farmer has been abolished.
The most important thing is that Rosreeestr and Rosselkhoznadzor consider all agricultural land by default to be land, that is, not subject to development. Since our legislation does not have a procedure for removing the status of land, and no separate exceptions have been provided for farmers, it is still completely unclear how the law will work. Indeed, today even with the registration of vegetable storage facilities, agricultural processing workshops and other similar objects, great difficulties arise.
Another sore subject is the placement of non-permanent buildings on agricultural lands. These include prefabricated structures that do not have an inextricable connection with the ground. That is, objects that can be disassembled and reassembled without compromising their technical condition. It is these structures that are used when organizing glampings and agritourism.
On the one hand, there are a lot of regulations according to which support for agritourism or rural tourism is declared. From January 2022, the Federal Law of November 24, 1996 N 132-FZ “On the Fundamentals of Tourism Activities in the Russian Federation” officially introduces the concept of rural tourism.
It is provided that rural tourism is tourism that involves visiting rural areas, small towns with a population of up to thirty thousand people, for the purpose of recreation, familiarization with the traditional way of life, familiarization with the activities of agricultural producers and (or) participation in agricultural work without extracting material benefits with the possibility of providing services for temporary accommodation, leisure activities, excursions and other services.
At the same time, it is indicated that activities for the provision of services in the field of rural tourism are carried out by agricultural producers in accordance with the requirements established by the Government of the Russian Federation.
However, the government has not yet developed such requirements.
Moreover, if we are talking about the construction of non-permanent buildings, then, as a rule, it is impossible to do without covering the soil. And blocking the soil is already a type of land damage, for which both administrative liability and compensation for damage are provided.
Order of the Russian Ministry of Natural Resources dated July 8, 2010 N 238 approved the Methodology for calculating the amount of damage caused to soils as an object of environmental protection and established a formula for calculating the amount of damage. Even with a small area of land damage, the amount of damage can exceed a million rubles. Therefore, today, even the construction of non-permanent buildings on agricultural land entails the risk of being held liable and collecting significant damage from the land owner.
From personal experience, to minimize risks, I can recommend installing such non-permanent buildings on hollow tubular pillars that hold the structure, preventing it from falling directly onto the soil and, in addition, thanks to such hollow pillars, when they are removed, there is no mixing of soil horizons, so the chances of protecting your positions and minimizing the amount of damage to the soil increase exponentially.
3. What will happen if you do not bring the purpose of the land into line with your activities.
It is worth noting that land use and development rules are available on the administration website. Federal Law dated 03/08/2015 N 46-FZ entails the imposition of an administrative fine, if the cadastral value of a land plot is determined, on citizens in the amount of 0.5 to 1 percent of the cadastral value of the land plot, but not less than ten thousand rubles; for officials - from 1 to 1.5 percent of the cadastral value of the land plot, but not less than twenty thousand rubles; for legal entities - from 1.5 to 2 percent of the cadastral value of the land plot, but not less than one hundred thousand rubles, and if the cadastral value of the land plot has not been determined, for citizens in the amount of ten thousand to twenty thousand rubles; for officials - from twenty thousand to fifty thousand rubles; for legal entities - from one hundred thousand to two hundred thousand rubles. The fines, as we see, are large, and you never know which inspector will come to the glamping site for the next inspection.
4. How can you bypass the restrictions?
Build forests on agricultural lands and transfer them to the forest fund; if laying communications in a trench is prohibited (due to the prohibition of removing the fertile layer), it is possible to hide communications in the ground by making an embankment on top of communications; if it is impossible to build permanent paths (due to the ban on removing the fertile layer), a roll-up path (mobile) comes to the rescue, which does not spoil the soil layer. tax.
Recreational lands have a higher tax rate than others, so the following can be done: we convert glamping areas into recreational areas, and the remaining areas into agricultural ones.
How much money do you need to open a tourist base?
- Registration of a land plot – from 100 thousand rubles;
- Construction of a recreation center, landscaping of the territory, supply of electricity - from 800 thousand rubles;
- Purchase of equipment (tables, chairs, beds, household equipment, etc.) – from 200 thousand rubles;
- Other costs (advertising, LLC registration, etc.) – from 100 thousand rubles.
TOTAL - from 1.2 million rubles.
Fixed expenses of the recreation center (per month)
- Salary and insurance – from 200 thousand rubles;
- Rent – from 20 thousand rubles;
- Utilities (electricity) – from 15 thousand rubles;
- Other expenses - from 50 thousand rubles.
TOTAL - from 285 thousand rubles per month.
How much can you earn by opening a recreation center?
The income of the recreation center directly depends on the attendance of the facility. Let's assume that the recreation center is designed for simultaneous stay of up to 50 people. However, even during the season you should not hope for 100% attendance; mostly people will come on weekends. Therefore, let’s take the average load - 30% of the declared capacity per day or 400 people per month.
Now let's calculate the average bill per client. The cost of renting a house for a day is 500 rubles. per person, plus additional services - meals, buffet, rental of catamarans, air mattresses, bath services and so on. The average income per client is 1,500 rubles/day. Total income per month: 400 people. * 1500 rub. = 600 thousand rubles.
The profit of the recreation center is equal to: 600 thousand – 285 thousand = 315 thousand rubles. per month. The figure is impressive, however, such profitability indicators are only possible in the summer. In central Russia, these are four months: May, June, July and August. The rest of the time the tourist base is practically not visited. Out of season, all staff can be dismissed, leaving only security for the winter.
A recreation center pays for itself, under favorable conditions, in 1.5 – 2 seasons of operation. But this doesn't happen often. Basically, the wait for the return of funds is 3-4 years, or even more. Have a great start!
How to choose equipment for a recreation center
No recreation center is complete without equipment.
Even a small base will require the purchase of:
- bathroom or shower equipment (faucets, bathtubs, showers, etc.);
- furniture. Each room will need to have at least one bed, bedside table, and wardrobe;
- kitchen and dining room. Here you will need to shell out a considerable amount of money to purchase kitchen equipment and a gas stove, a microwave oven and an electric kettle, cutlery and chairs, tables...
- optional equipment. This point is very broad. For fishing enthusiasts, you will need to purchase, for example, fishing rods and fishing line, hooks and other fishing gear, equipment for sport fishing, etc.
- Food. The list here is very extensive, ranging from potatoes to seafood. Don't forget about greenery;
- Household chemicals and hygiene products.
Which OKVED ID should I indicate when registering a recreation center?
When choosing an OKVD code, you must be guided by the specialization of the recreation center. Code 55.23.2 - it is required for those who organize their business in the form of holiday homes and boarding houses. Other recreational activities correspond to code 92.7. Other activities that are not included in other groups related to recreation and entertainment - 92.72. Thus, based on the specifics of the establishment, one or more codes are indicated during registration.
Professional business plans on the topic:
- Business plan for a recreation center (13 sheets) - DOWNLOAD ⬇
- Business plan for an ethnographic center (17 sheets) - DOWNLOAD ⬇
- Business plan for bus excursions (15 sheets) - DOWNLOAD ⬇
Terms of use
Individuals, legal entities and individual entrepreneurs, engaged in tourism, sports business, or providing services related to this business, do not have the right to claim ownership of such plots. These rules apply to them, even if they erect buildings that may belong to private individuals. With the permission of regional or federal authorities, they can obtain a lease, but only if the land is used for its intended purpose.
During the construction of sanatoriums, health centers, sports complexes and other facilities that meet the intended purpose, both the founder of a company providing services in the field of tourism and a construction company acting as a developer of capital facilities intended for further operation for vacationers have the right to lease a land plot.
The use of the territory for educational and tourist trails and highways is permitted by agreement with the owners of the land plots and their other rights holders. If necessary, use is formalized on the basis of an easement encumbrance; the encumbered land plots are not withdrawn from use.
Business technology
The technology of running a recreation center business concerns not only the acquisition of land (rent), the purchase of necessary equipment and related inventory, the hiring of personnel and the provision of leisure time for visitors, but also the conduct of an advertising campaign. But the best way to express yourself is through service. If one visitor is satisfied, he will tell others about the recreation center, and this will expand the client base and generate additional profit.
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Who is the owner
This type of land is not withdrawn from circulation and is not limited in circulation, but a special legal regime is provided for their use. If such areas were previously registered as private property, before they were recognized as recreational lands, their withdrawal is not allowed unless federal needs arise. The regulations for use are established in accordance with the intended purpose, as well as in accordance with the norms of Article 262 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation.
The owner of recreational zones of federal significance is the state. In certain cases, it is allowed to seize land plots from private owners, but only for the implementation of government programs if they occupy the territories of the residential sectors of settlements. In this case, the seizure occurs on the basis of a ransom by agreement of the parties. An example is the construction of facilities for the Olympics.
Regional-scale recreation areas remain in the possession of local authorities and belong to the administration of the locality.
If before the allocation to recreational zones they were registered as private property, encumbering them with a public easement is allowed. By agreement, a private easement can be created.
