It is unlikely that the site will be used for its intended purpose without communications connected to it. And the first thing the owner will need is electricity. It is also possible to supply electricity to a site without buildings. This procedure requires a careful approach, as it involves installing networks, performing a number of design work and approvals. The land owner will have to take into account the load on the networks, based on projected consumption needs and other technical issues.
The absence of buildings on the site will not be a reason for refusing electricity. However, approval of the project and technical conditions are considered mandatory.
Legal regulation
When conducting electricity to the territory of your own site, you must be guided by the current legislation of the Russian Federation. So, among the main rules that need to be taken into account:
- Federal Law No. 35-FZ of March 26, 2003 “On the Electric Power Industry” defines fundamental issues. The law talks about the conditions of access to electrical networks and connection to them;
- Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of December 27, 2004 No. 861 establishes the rules for connecting new subscribers to electrical networks.
You also need to be guided by technical norms and standards that determine specific connection conditions in each specific case.
Electrification of gardening societies
With regard to the electrification of garden non-profit partnerships (SNT), the legislation provides for a different procedure for technological connection to power grids.
Within the partnership, plot owners should not independently deal with the issue of electrification. In order to connect the light to the dacha in the gardening partnership, SNT holds a meeting of members, at which this issue is resolved. If a positive decision is made by a majority vote, the application to the grid organization is submitted by the chairman of SNT or an appointed representative of the partnership (clause 8(5) of the Rules for Technological Connection).
The supply of networks is not carried out to each site separately, but only to the boundaries of the partnership. The network infrastructure is created by the joint efforts of SNT members.
It will not be possible to provide electricity to the gardening partnership for free - in addition to the connection fee (550 rubles), each participant is assigned their own share of the costs for arranging the engineering infrastructure. As practice shows, such expenses amount to 28-35 thousand rubles per SNT member.
If the majority of the members of the partnership do not want to equip electrical networks, any of the owners of the plots have the right to independently enter into an agreement for the power supply of the plot in SNT. The partnership cannot prevent him from electrifying or charge him an additional fee for this.
The member of the partnership must understand that in this case he will bear all the costs of installing power lines and other infrastructure. Individual technological connection will cost much more.
What is needed to conduct electricity
In order to conduct electrical communications to your own site, you need to perform a number of actions in the following order:
- Visually find a nearby electrical network. It is best if it is a 380 volt network, which looks like 4 conductors on poles. If such a line is not detected, then a 6 kV network may be located nearby, which looks like 3 conductors on more “solid” poles.
- Determine the owner of the electrical network. First of all, you should ask your neighbors about this, especially those who have recently dealt with a similar issue.
- Contact this organization and apply for connection.
- Conclude a service agreement with the organization.
You can find the necessary information on the Internet. It is better to search at the address where the land plot is located, which will help you find an organization engaged in the sale of electricity in a certain territory.
Each site is serviced by one company. Difficulties can arise only when the plot is located on the border of the service areas of two electricity supply companies. In this case, you need to contact the organization whose pillar is closer.
When submitting an application, you need to find out whether there are technical conditions for connection. You can clarify the information only with the organization that will be involved in the sale of electricity.
Project development
The technical specifications indicate:
- network power, including the maximum load of the energy consuming facility;
- list of electricity meters;
- the presence of a sealed box in cases of external connection.
Technical specifications are issued within thirty days. After receiving them, it is necessary to draw up a project and purchase electrical equipment that corresponds to the document. The most commonly purchased devices are an electric meter, a switch, a machine, cables, wires and lighting fixtures. When developing a project, it is necessary to depict a diagram of external power supply and internal wiring. The design must show the types of wires and electrical devices.
Each project for supplying electricity to a site is individual.
The location of the transformer and the planned location of the future home play an important role.
Required documents
After identifying a company engaged in the supply of electricity, you need to take from it a list of documents required for filing an application. In each individual case, the specific package may differ, but most often it consists of:
- applications. Most often it is drawn up according to the presented sample;
- copies of the document identifying the applicant. The most commonly used is a passport;
- title documents for the site, for example, extracts from the Unified State Register, etc.;
- copies of TIN;
- list of planned energy-consuming devices;
- calculating the expected load;
- plan of the site and buildings on which the location of power poles will be located.
Download an application for connecting electricity to a land plot (sample)
It is best if the calculation and plan are drawn up by trusted specialists, since such work requires a professional approach.
You can send documents by mail or hand them over in person. The response must be sent to the applicant within a period not exceeding 30 days.
Contents of the response to the connection request
If the decision is positive, the response will contain two copies of the contract, as well as technical connection conditions.
The contract must contain a deadline for completing the work. The maximum is six months, most often it is written in the sent copies. However, the actual duration depends on how close the power lines are. If you have to draw electricity within the city, and the distance is up to 300, and in rural areas up to 500 meters, then there will be no difficulties.
At the end of six months, the applicant has the right to contact the company with claims, as well as the relevant authorities with complaints. If the distance is large, you can try to wait a little longer, since the lack of results may be caused by technical difficulties. However, no one is required to wait additional time beyond the specified period.
Work on the site, provided for by the technical specifications
It is advisable to trust the implementation of the power supply plan on a site for individual housing construction, as well as the scheme itself, to specialists if you want electrical communications to be as efficient and reliable as possible. But even in this case, it is better for the owner to understand the features of the electrical infrastructure in order to control the work and have confidence that everything is done correctly.
The main element of the system on the site is a pipe stand receiving device with a meter that will take into account electricity consumption. It powers house construction, outbuildings and electrical appliances on the site. It is extremely important to wisely select materials for the implementation of the scheme. Electricity is supplied through a cable; the air installation method is predominantly used. In this case, SIP 4 with a cross section of 16 mm3 is most often used. Its insulation is made of polyethylene, which is not destroyed by ultraviolet radiation, and its service life reaches a quarter of a century. Depending on what circuit is implemented on the site (single-phase or three-phase), a cable with either two or four cores is used.
In recent years, underground cable laying has been gaining popularity. In this case, it is better to choose a VVG copper cable with a cross-section of 10 mm3, or an aluminum AVBbShv cable with a cross-section of 16 mm3. If you use armored grades, they can be laid directly under the ground; conventional grades are pulled through a HDPE pipe. Entry into housing construction with underground installation is carried out in the same way as with the air method.
Pipe stand, its functions and installation methods
A pipe stand is a piece of pipe intended for fastening cables; wires are introduced into the area through it. An electrical panel is also installed on it. According to technical standards, the distance from the surface of the earth to the entry of electrical wires into the house must be at least 2.75 meters. Such parameters are necessary in order to avoid accidental contact. If the dimensions of the buildings cannot meet such requirements, a pipe stand is installed.
It is made of steel pipes, the diameter of which should be: when entering 2 wires - 20 mm, when entering 4 wires - 32 mm. No moisture should get into the pipe; therefore, its top should be bent 180 degrees. To avoid corrosion, it is advisable to cover the pipe stand with paint or bitumen. The gander can enter the building either through the roof or through the wall. If there are no buildings on the site yet, the pipe stand can be installed on the ground, subject to the technical conditions applicable in this case.
Connection cost
One of the most popular questions from potential consumers concerns the cost of connecting to the electrical grid.
Guided by Government Decree No. 129 of 2011, if the distance is up to 300 meters in the city and up to 500 in rural areas, and the power consumption is up to 15 kW, then the price will be only 550 rubles. In situations where distance or power exceeds the established parameters, prices will increase significantly as they will be calculated using commercial standards. For example, in the Moscow region, for each kW you will need to pay an additional about 10,000 rubles, that is, for 20 kW you will have to pay about 200,000 rubles.
Before purchasing a plot, it is recommended to pay attention to how far away the connection point is located. If it is more than the established distance of 300 or 500 meters, then you need to immediately calculate the approximate costs of connecting communications, including electricity.
If a company requires additional contributions to carry out work when the distance and power meet the standards, there is no need to pay for this, no matter how the organization justifies its expenses. The cost should be 550 rubles and no more.
How to take advantage of the law on free gasification
At the beginning of the summer of 2021, the State Duma adopted a law according to which citizens have the right to have gas supplied free of charge directly to the borders of their land plots. The so-called “last mile” was previously paid directly by the owner of the site; now these costs are borne by the gas distribution organization or the state. This makes it possible to save significantly, because previously gasification, for example, in the Moscow region cost on average from 80 to 150 thousand rubles. True, now you will also have to invest: supplying gas to the site and purchasing equipment is still paid for by the owner.
In order to take advantage of this opportunity, you must submit an application to connect the site to the gas network. The law applies to those settlements in which gas distribution networks have already been installed.
Gazprom and its subsidiaries will be involved in gas transportation. Citizens can submit requests to connect their site using the “one window” method directly to the gasification operator. Can they refuse? Yes, with the reason that the system capacity is insufficient. But operators have been given strict instructions to increase capacity in such situations and provide residents with gas.
How to supply gas to a summer cottage
If you have the right to take advantage of free gas delivery to your site, contact directly the company that is involved in gasification of your locality.
Important!
Gas is still supplied to the site at the expense of the owner himself. This is also a considerable amount, and in addition, you will have to buy equipment to supply gas to the house.
How to arrange a gas connection to a private house
In order to supply gas to a private home, you need to collect documents. First of all, technical conditions (TS), essentially, permission to connect to the main line through which gas is transmitted.
Standard package of documents:
- Request for issuance of technical specifications.
- Copies of documents confirming the rights to the land plot and the building located on it.
- A copy of an identity document.
- Site plan.
- The owner’s consent and power of attorney – in the event that the documents are not submitted by him personally.
After issuing the specifications, you need to enter into an agreement with a design organization (this could be a gas distribution organization in your region or a third-party company), they will prepare a gasification project for the site and house. At this stage, you will need a topographic plan of the site, technical passports for the equipment and the building to which gas will be supplied.
Next, a gasification plan is drawn up, thanks to which you can correctly draw up the wiring and plan the gas supply in the most optimal way.
When all these points have been completed and the plan has been approved, installation work can begin.
What to consider when connecting gas to a country house
It must be borne in mind that only permanent buildings can be gasified, that is, those that are tied to the ground and will be damaged if you try to move them. You can also gasify the site itself based on the plan of the future building that you plan to erect.
When gasifying a private house, all work is paid for by the owner. But if the house is located in any locality where a central gas pipeline is installed, it has the right to free gas supply directly to the site.
Further steps to connect to electricity
After obtaining permission and technical conditions, it is necessary to prepare an electrification project. You can do it yourself, but in the absence of special technical knowledge, this will be problematic. It is recommended to contact a specialist or order one from a resource supply company that carries out the relevant work.
The actual connection can also be done by specialists. You will need to install the meter on a special pole. And the connection to the network will be made by employees of the resource supply company, who will also seal the meter and draw up an act on connecting the new subscriber to the network.
Rack Installation
A previously made rack is inserted into the prepared hole. If you fill it with earth, do not forget to compact it every 15-20cm. You can use crushed stone and concrete the entire base. Then you won’t be afraid of any bending, and corrosion won’t have such a strong impact.
Give the concrete 1-2 days to completely harden, only then can you hang the cabinet.
Of course, concreting significantly increases the installation time. Without it, with simple compaction, all the work can be done in 2-3 hours. In addition, without concrete, the grounding of the rack itself is significantly improved, due to better contact with the ground (unless, of course, you completely insulated the bottom with a heat pipe or bitumen). Therefore, here you will need to make a choice - reliable stability and durability or better grounding.
Connection refusal and further actions
Network connection may be denied for the following reasons:
- not a complete package of documents has been submitted;
- the plan and list are drawn up incorrectly;
- documents were submitted to a company servicing a territory other than the declared one;
- there is no technical possibility.
In case of refusal, you can eliminate the reasons for the negative decision or go to court to appeal the actions or inaction of the organization.
Connecting a plot without buildings to the electrical network is carried out in exactly the same way as connecting a plot with buildings. It is necessary to perform a series of sequential actions, as well as identify and ensure technical feasibility. The cost of connection, if the established standards are not exceeded, will be only 550 rubles, but if the distance is exceeded, you will need to pay additionally for each unit of potentially consumed power and additional distance for connection.
Read: Privatization of leased land
Making a pipe stand
Strictly speaking, the pipe stand today does not have any official technical definition or certification. That's why they make it at whatever cost. The best material for assembling a metal stand is a square pipe 80*80*3. It will ensure sufficient strength of the structure when tensioning the SIP from the support. Although standard technical solutions allow a diameter of at least 40mm.
Some, the base of the rack is made using a screw pile with a diameter of 108mm. They screw it into the ground with pieces of pipes d-40mm and 2-3m long. After which a pipe or square of the required height is inserted inside.
What should the height of the pipe stand be? According to the rules, the minimum distance from the SIP wire to the ground can be at least 2.5 m. That is if he doesn't cross the road. When passing over the road, the clearance increases to 5m!
However, they may not allow you to invent homemade structures of such a height, having written a reasoned refusal stating that you do not have a certified stand for crossing the road. In this case, you need to raise all legal documents and prove that installing additional support across the road is the responsibility of the network organization, and not yours.
Analysis of the provisions of the rules for technological connection (taken from forumhouse.ru) -
But some people accept such accounting without problems and everything is connected. So each case is individual and depends on the local office.
Based on the minimum dimensions above the ground (without crossing the road) and taking into account the depth of 1.5 m, we obtain the optimal height of the pipe stand of 4-5 meters. This can be either a solid version or component parts of more than two meters each.
It is better to choose a composite product, since it is already problematic to bring a 5m long pipe to the site yourself. You will have to hire special transport, and this is an extra expense. The method of joining individual pieces is welding or bolting.
When connecting individual pipes, it is better to choose profiles of different sizes. So that the diameter of the outer upper part fits tightly into the diameter of the inner lower part.
A more complicated option, but more stable and without the use of welding:
- take three pieces of square profile 3 meters each. Minimum dimensions 60*60*3.
- Bury 2 profiles into the ground at a depth of 1.5 m with a distance of 60 mm between them. There is still 1.5m above the ground.
- between two pieces protruding from the ground, place a third one, thereby, as it were, increasing the height of the pipe stand.
- drill the joints of the profiles in two places and tighten the whole thing with bolts or studs.
The final result will look something like this.
The top hole of any pipe stand must be welded. This is done so that moisture does not enter or accumulate inside, which is why the metal will begin to actively rust. The outside of the entire structure is painted. It is better to treat the lower part, which will be in the ground, with bitumen, or if finances allow, find the required diameter and shrink a heat-shrinkable tube. Such a base will never corrode or break over time.
A loop for attaching the SIP tension clamp is welded on the top itself.
If there is no welding, then you can drill a hole d=12-16mm and mount a special hook under the nut.
At a height of 1.7 m from the ground, two crossbars made of steel strip are fixed to support the metering cabinet. Measure the distances between the strips using the holes on the cabinet.
You can, of course, use special factory kits for metal cabinets using bandage tape and do without welding.
But this is if you have the necessary tool (bandage machine) and materials (tape and staples).
