The procedure for accrual and payment for general house needs (GDN)

A new line has appeared in payments for electricity. This is a collection from residents for general house needs. The calculation of this until the beginning of 2021 was confusing and contradictory. Some citizens received amounts increased by 30%. And this caused bewilderment and misunderstanding on their part. Currently, the methodology is unified. All regions are required to establish and publish increasing coefficients for different types of apartment buildings (MCD).

Let’s look at where the numbers for paying for common household needs (CHO) come from. What can a citizen do to reduce costs? Can electricity suppliers inflate charges?

What is ODN for electricity?

The easiest way to explain the meaning of this term is with an example. Let's say there is a standard apartment building connected to the power supply. The total expense in this case will include the following components:

1. Electricity consumed by individual consumers.
2. Electricity necessary to power the equipment of common home areas (lighting of stairwells, elevator equipment, technological losses on internal lines, etc.). This item of expenditure is called “general household needs” or abbreviated as GDN.

Consumption for the first item is determined according to the readings of individual meters. For the second, a special calculation is made, the results of which are reflected in the corresponding column of the utility payment receipt.

Receipt with column ONE electricity

What is it - decoding definition

The abbreviation KVS ODN stands for: “Cold Water Supply for General Household Needs.” ODN arise as a result of the need to maintain property belonging to all residents in proper order.
This list:

• the building itself;
• the plot of land he occupies;
• parking;
• the halls, basements, stairs, elevators located in it.

All this, according to Article No. 36 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation, is called “Common Property”. Article No. 36 of this document defines the ownership rights to those places in the house that are not private, and to the site occupied by the building.

All tenants pay for HVS ODN.

What is included in the ODN?

Residents of apartment buildings, having received a receipt that includes payment for one-time expenses, often wonder what this category of expenses includes. Let us answer this question by providing a drawing for clarity, listing common household appliances.

Equipment included in the ODN

Designations:

• a) Lighting fixtures in staircases, attics and basements.
• b) Lighting systems for local areas.
• c) Elevator equipment.
• d) Security systems (intercoms, video surveillance, etc.).
• e) Fire alarm.
• f) Providers' equipment.
• g) Antenna amplifiers.
• h) Pumping equipment.
• j) Electricity losses.

Please note that the last point includes both losses of the intra-house network and unauthorized connections that bypass individual devices that take into account electricity consumption. That is, in this case we can talk about stealing electricity from neighbors in the house.

Payment for one day

According to the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation (No. 354), the entire volume of electricity consumed at the ODN is paid by the residents of the multi-apartment residential building. To avoid any discrepancies, we present a verbatim excerpt from the Resolution.

An example of an excerpt from RF PP No. 354 dated May 6, 2011

As you can see, the Resolution stipulates that all electricity costs for one-way distribution systems are borne by the owners of the residential building, regardless of the chosen form of management. Guided by this Resolution, management companies calculate the volume of electricity consumption for general house needs, the results obtained are entered into utility payment receipts. An example of such a receipt was shown in Figure 1.

What does the line on the receipt mean and where is it located?

Water consumption when paying money for housing and communal services is taken into account in the line “Maintenance and current repairs”. It is usually in seventh place in the payment document.

Invoice fragment:

Other text options are possible. For example, housing maintenance, maintenance of common property, current repairs of housing.

Water bills include areas that are not included in the area of ​​your own home.

An example of calculating ODN for electricity in a multi-storey building

Despite the fact that tariffs and standards for electricity consumption differ in individual regions, the calculation formulas for calculating payments in the corresponding column remain unchanged. Let us give examples of calculations for a multi-apartment residential building with a common building meter for electricity consumption and an object where such a device is not available.

With counter

The calculation mechanism will be as follows:

1. Readings are taken for a certain period from a common house electricity consumption meter. Let’s say the collective meter displays consumption of 6,500 kilowatt-hours. In this case, this is the total electricity consumption of a residential building, which includes the total volume of consumption of residential premises and the costs of one-room heating system.
2. At this stage, a comparison is made of the total readings taken from individual electricity meters and the data from the common house meter. To perform this operation, it is necessary to sum up the consumption of each apartment. As a rule, data for the reporting period is collected on certain dates of the month. Such restrictions on the reading process are necessary to ensure that large discrepancies in the balance do not arise.

Let’s imagine that the total value of all residents’ electricity meter readings was 5,600 kilowatt-hours. That is, this is an indicator of the amount of electricity consumed by the owners of residential premises.

1. Having received the consumption indicator for residential premises, it is subtracted from the total amount of electricity consumed. The result will be the number of kilowatt-hours per unit. In our case, the calculation will be as follows: 6500 – 5600 = 900.
2. Now it is necessary to distribute (accrue) the ODN fee among the owners of the premises. Accruals are made to the owner based on the living space (RA) occupied by the apartment owners. For this operation, it is necessary to calculate the ratio between a square meter of housing and a unit of measurement for the resource spent on general house needs (kilowatt-hour for electricity).

Let's return to our example. Let's say the total living area in the house is 4200 m2. Therefore, in order to calculate the ratio, it is necessary to divide the total volume of ODN consumption (in our case 900 kWh) by the total amount of living space (4200 m2), we get: 900/4200 ≈ 0.214 kWh.

1. Having calculated the ratio, it is easy to calculate the electricity consumption of one unit for any homeowner in the house. To do this, you need to multiply the resulting coefficient by the living area of ​​a particular apartment. For example, if the owner has 42 m2 of living space, then the calculation of consumption, in our example, will be as follows: 42 * 0.214 = 8.988 kWh. Please note that the area of ​​non-residential premises is not taken into account.
2. At the final stage, the ODN fee is calculated; for this, the result obtained is multiplied by the tariff provided for the given region. Let's say our house is located in St. Petersburg, respectively, with a single-rate tariff of 4.32 rubles. for 1 kWh, the payment amount will be as follows: 4.32 * 8.988 ≈ 38.83 rubles.
3. Payment is made for the consumption of electricity spent on general needs.

Closing the topic of calculations in the presence of a MOP meter, it should be noted that the weakest link in this accounting system is taking readings from individual devices. This is directly related to the influence of the human factor, for example, information was transmitted with an error or it is not possible to take readings due to the absence of residents. You should also take into account the time required to enter data into the common database and possible operator errors. Automated reading collection systems do not have such shortcomings. It will only take a few minutes to balance the electricity consumed by residents' networks, and 100% accuracy is guaranteed.

Without counter

The above method for calculating the consumption of resources (electricity) on one unit is applicable only if there is a common meter. If there is none, then a special standard provided for a given region is used as the coefficient necessary to calculate the use of electricity. The fee calculation principle is shown below.

Calculation of ODN in the absence of a common house meter

Information on the calculated coefficient (standard) for a specific region can be obtained on the official website of the regional administration. In this case, the coefficient acts as a limiting value; its revision is possible only upward. Such a decision can be made by a general meeting of residents (if we are not mistaken, in practice this has never happened before).

What are the norms by region?

The increasing coefficient is established by the regulatory act of the subject of the federation. Its value depends on the presence of energy-consuming equipment in the building, which includes:

• elevators;
• heating and water pumps;
• barriers in the courtyard area;
• street and interior lighting;
• others.

Some indicators are shown in the table by region:

Attention: the size of the coefficient in a particular region depends on the number of floors of the building.

Which is more profitable with or without a meter?

As an example, let us give the norms of electricity consumption for general household needs for the Nizhny Novgorod region.

ODN consumption standards in Nizhny Novgorod (for example)

If you track thematic information on local forums, it turns out that installing MOS devices is profitable, since in this case you have to pay less for utility resources spent on general needs.

A situation where a common electricity meter is installed, and the volume of consumption of utility resources exceeds the regional norm, is fundamentally impossible. In this case, everything points to the fact of loss of resources due to the fault of the management company.

What standard applies?

Article 156, Clause 9.2 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation states that when paying for cold water spent on servicing public services in a large house, you need to take into account the values ​​of the group meter for each type of energy and the standard for its consumption.

The value in each federal subject is determined by local authorities.

The Moscow Government in 2004 decided that the value of 5% of the readings of a common house water meter is accepted as the water supply standard for water supply.

Clarification about the accounting of this indicator usually leads to the fact that residents pay for expenses that are significantly higher than the real one.

The rules require that the Management Company once a year calculate the amounts for resources for the needs of the entire house, taking into account the actual meter readings, and return to citizens the money paid in excess of the norm.

If the calculation uses a figure higher than the legal standard, then residents have the right to make claims and receive a refund of the overpayment and compensation for deception in the amount of 50% of the overpayment. Residents also have the right to demand recalculation if the quality of services provided is inadequate.