What is ODN in utility payments? What is ODN or general house needs?

How does ODN stand for?

The abbreviation ODN stands for “general household needs.”
This is a category of utility expenses, which includes maintenance of common areas of the house that are not equipped with individual metering devices (IMU). Maintenance of the common areas of the house may include the consumption of various types of resources - electricity, heat, cold or hot water supply. The use of resources for the maintenance of common areas is called general building consumption, while the use of resources by residents within their apartments is called individual consumption.

How to calculate one rate for water

At the same time, the owners of the “rubber” fund believe that it is financially more expedient not to install individual meters.
Since the difference between the norm and actual consumption becomes part of general household needs, all residents pay for the overconsumption. To prevent this, the following legislative options should be used: In a situation where more people than registered actually live in an apartment and consume water, the problem of “rubber apartments” arises. If there are a lot of them, general house meters may show consumption 1.5-2 times greater than provided by the standard.

What is included in general house needs

In accordance with paragraph 1 of Article No. 36 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation, property for common use includes premises that are not parts of apartments and are used for general use. Such premises include:

inter-apartment landings and corridors;
elevators and elevator shafts;
roofs and technical floors of the house;
attics and basements in which there are utilities;
the plot of land on which the house is located, including landscaping elements located on the territory of the house (for example, flower beds or a children's yard).

The maintenance of such territories, as well as all work on their maintenance, is included in the calculation of the ODN.

Example: flower beds are planted throughout the territory of an apartment building, watering which consumes 5 m³ of water monthly. Daily wet cleaning of the entrances of the house is also carried out, consuming another 5 m³. These services are included in the maintenance of the common areas of the house.

At the end of each month, the management company takes readings from the common house meter, which records how much water was supplied to the house. The received data is verified with the readings of individual metering devices of residents.

The difference between the reading of the common house meter and the sum of the readings of the apartment meters becomes the figure for water, which includes the same 10 m³ of water used for common house needs - watering flower beds and daily wet cleaning of entrances.

What are general house needs (CHN) and how are they calculated?

01/04/2014 at 15:35:13 Ivan Hrenov-Rus

Ivan Khrenov-Russian www.Prozim.ru E-mail *** “Housing and communal services of RUSSIA” 101. To state: housing and communal services did not work in our country, at any time! During the Soviet era, the state financed it on a residual basis, and therefore mostly losers and drunkards went to work there - “Afoni”. They worked disgustingly, and besides, they took bribes and stole, and drank away the already impoverished property of the housing office. Currently, the situation in housing and communal services is much worse! It is ruled by commercial crime. The population in our country is very divided. It is hardly possible to find another country in the world where neighbors in the entrance and even on the landing in a multi-storey building have not even bothered to get to know each other over many years of being neighbors. It is not a rewarding task to understand the reasons for this, there are too many of them and they are not simple. One thing can only be said: it is not the fault of ordinary people. The guilty are the short-sighted, greedy, corrupt, selfish and, finally, simply mediocre and stupid leaders of our long-suffering country, whom Fate has sent us in abundance at different times! It is useless to figure out who is to blame here, specifically, and there is no time. Another irresponsible experiment on our society turned out to be a deliberate “letting go of the reins”, or rather, deliberate connivance and arbitrariness in modern housing and communal services, which turned into the self-seizure of this area by administrative-gangster formations under the guise of all kinds of homeowners associations and management companies (MCs). The entire country is covered by a dense criminal network that has divided spheres of influence in the housing and communal services sector. This policy has become a real disaster for the majority of the population of our country - “Owners of housing”, as a rule, old, badly worn or new with numerous construction defects. The new invaders literally enslaved the Homeowners. Hiding behind custom-made “Laws” and “Resolutions”, they spread a cruel racket against residents of “high-rise buildings” and entire residential neighborhoods. Attempts by individual citizens to stand up for their “rights” are brutally and sophisticatedly suppressed, even to the point of physical violence! This is where they fuel their Tsapki! Attempts by individual citizens to stand up for their “rights” are brutally and sophisticatedly suppressed, even to the point of physical violence! The central and regional authorities of the country are showing “passivity”, demonstrating “neutrality” in the development of events in housing and communal services. It is difficult to say what is causing this more: from powerlessness, self-interest, or fear of possible democracy in this property sector of the country. A weak “Government” sometimes prefers to give the country into the hands of criminals than into the hands of its own people - less hassle, and even more profitable. 102. Recognize that solving the problem of housing and communal services requires deep self-awareness and self-organization of society, which should not be expected from our people, at least in the foreseeable future. It is necessary for all government authorities in the country to demonstrate great political will and high responsibility in the housing and communal services sector. The authorities must finally decide on the choice of an ally to govern the country: the overwhelming popular majority of the “poor” population or the criminals – a rich, strong, but unprincipled, cruel and greedy “property” minority. In the interests of the poor society, “Power” is preferable, based on the trust and support of the broad masses. 103. To state that until recently the Housing Code of the Russian Federation did not even provide for such a self-government body of premises owners as House Owners Councils (DSS) and this was not accidental. After all, such self-organization of homeowners will not allow the housing complex of the Russian Federation to be used in the future as a convenient cover for any abuses in housing and communal services. Under this cover, Management Companies (MCs) in most cases are simply imposed on Homeowners without any alternative. It is pleasant to note that now Article 160.1 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation has been fundamentally changed in favor of House Councils of Owners. At the same time, the Housing Code of the Russian Federation still spells out such a faceless, flawed “institution” as the “General Meeting” of Home Owners - an authority that is not organized or headed by anyone (God forbid). This “meeting,” although according to the Law it determines and decides everything, is itself a complete uncertainty. But it is they who should elect the DSS. Well, really, as in the parable: “Which came first, the chicken or the egg.” Formally, such a “meeting” can be convened at the initiative of any Owner in an apartment building, i.e. whenever and by anyone, today by one “uncle” (or “aunt”), tomorrow by others, to calls that few will respond to. Such spontaneous unorganized gatherings of Owners without an agenda, without an organization. active (secretary, chairman-facilitator of the meeting, registration of participants, quorum), the protocol can rather be called a “meeting of passers-by”, where “participants”, passing and lingering for a few minutes, go on about their business, and new curious people come up to take their place. etc. What decisions can be made at such a “meeting”, where most of them are random passers-by?! By the way, an excerpt from the Housing Code of the Russian Federation (Article 46, clause 4: “Minutes of general meetings of owners .... are stored in the place or at the address determined by this meeting.” Probably (I’ll tell you, in secret!) “in the corner of the yard under oak" or "in the attic behind the chimney." And another excerpt from the Housing Code of the Russian Federation (Article 45, paragraph 1): "Owners of premises in an apartment building are obliged (!) to annually hold an annual general meeting of owners of premises in an apartment building. Agenda, and also the procedure for notifying about the decisions made by him is established by the general meeting of the Owners of premises in an apartment building." Well, it’s almost like a “Pull-Push”! I wonder who the “Author” of the text of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation is? Just like that, but this The management company is quite happy with the “mess”, and they themselves will “concoct” the protocol they need, later and shut the mouth of any individual Homeowner with the words: “that’s what the majority decided at the general meeting.” With such a Housing Code of the Russian Federation, there is always the possibility of imposing the Owner housing in an apartment building any desired by the local authorities of the Criminal Code. Until such a “meeting” decides something, its time will simply run out and then the “Local Government Body” will decide everything for the Owners (LC RF Art. 161, paragraphs 4 and 5). Ten days later, the owners of premises in an apartment building will be notified of the results, according to which they will be obliged to enter into agreements with the management company selected by these “bodies”. But the biggest trouble for homeowners in an apartment building (and freedom for cheaters) lies in the eighth section of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation, where everything is based on “decisions of the General Meeting.” In such a house there can be from 500 hundred to 1000 or more homeowners. A significant part of the residents own the premises for rent. The owner lives in another place, maybe even in another city. There is a continuous rotation among the Owners for various reasons. Most of them simply do not consider it necessary to spend their personal time participating in all kinds of social events. So this “General Meeting of Owners” is practically impossible in such houses. In this case, the situation in the new house is taken “into its own hands” by the Developer, and in the occupied one, any self-proclaimed management company. They themselves “cook up” the Minutes of the imaginary “General Meeting”, where, perhaps, there are even some “signatures” on the part of the Owners or on their “instructions”, but to challenge the authenticity of this “document”, especially after some time for well-known reasons, almost impossible. After such a trouble-free scam, the owners of these “dealers” are, as they say, “in their hands.” They (each Owner individually) are deprived of all rights to personal opinion and initiative. In relations with the Management Committee, only the opinions (decisions) of the majority of the General Meeting are taken into account! Now, on behalf of the “General Meeting,” the Management Company can impose any conditions, including the form and composition of the Agreement for the “Maintenance and Operation of Housing.” That’s it, “Owners”, they underestimated the importance of “social events”, now go ahead and stop complaining! And so now for many years! 104. Under the supervision of SPDM, take active state participation in the formation of structures of authoritative authorized self-government of Home Owners in the form of house, yard, block, district, city and up to the All-Russian Council of Home Owners, capable of solving all their problems in the interests of Owners. 105. To state that from the completion of the construction of an apartment building to the transfer of its ownership to the Shareholders is an abyss. At the stage when the houses have already been accepted for use by municipal structures from the developer, all documentation, including equity participation agreements, keys to apartments, are in the hands of the Developer. Occupancy of the house with the signing of the Acceptance and Transfer Certificate of apartments from the Developer to the Owner (former Shareholder) with the delivery of keys is possible only on the basis of the Agreement between the Developer and the Shareholder still in force at that time: from the Contractor (Developer) to the Customer (Shareholder) into the property. This procedure must be carried out by an authorized employee from the Developer, as an organized official structure with the status of a legal entity, with the mandatory participation of a representative of the local government. Apartment owners at this moment are not a consolidated structure and do not have their own body of self-organization and self-government. Therefore (which is not stated in the Housing Code of the Russian Federation) the developer at this moment still bears the burden of responsibility for the condition and maintenance of apartments and common property in a multi-storey building. Here it does not hurt to remember and, to some extent, take advantage of the experience of collectivization at the dawn of Soviet power in the USSR, when the structure of self-government was imposed by initiative and participation “from above” with subsequent control of its implementation and functioning until better times. 106. Recognize that today everything is far from being in accordance with the interests of citizens. Shareholders arrive at a new building to move in on their own initiative, unorganized at different times, where they are met by a representative of who knows how or where the Management Company (MC) came from. He gives each Shareholder for signing, including: a prepared individual Agreement replicated by the Developer, Rules for the use of residential premises, an Acceptance and Transfer Certificate of the apartment from the Developer to the Owner, some other papers and the long-awaited keys to the apartment. As they say: “It’s in the bag”! In this euphoria, the happy Owner does not notice the catch. Later, to his question: “Where did the Criminal Code come from?” , they will answer him: “Why, when you moved in, you yourself signed the protocol of the General Meeting of Owners with such a decision!” The owner draws up the appropriate Certificate of Ownership for the apartment, but for the ownership of “Common Property” in an apartment building, the Certificate of Ownership is not issued to the Owner, and it is this property, as it were, “hanging in the air.” The Housing Code of the Russian Federation does not provide for a procedure for transferring this property from the Developer to the Apartment Owners. 107. It should be noted that the phenomenon of “Common property” in housing and communal services owes its appearance to the formation of management companies in apartment buildings. It is akin to the Soviet slogan: “Everything around is collective farm - everything around is mine!”, which, ultimately, turned into its opposite: “Everything around is ownerless - everything around is nobody’s.” This is exactly how things stand today with “Common Property” in apartment buildings. This is an atavism, stillborn in former times. 108. Accept: - that, in order to carry out the procedure for transferring responsibility for the condition and maintenance of common property in a multi-storey building from the Developer to a specialized enterprise - the Performer of these works, the Developer, must organize the first, constituent meeting of the Owners-Shareholders at this moment, also the Developer’s partners under the Agreement on equity participation in the construction of a multi-storey building. — the agenda of the first, founding meeting must include five issues, including: 1. Election of the House Owners Council (BAC) of an apartment building and its Chairman. 2. Choosing a method of managing an apartment building and a management organization. 3. Organization of the DSS and its Chairman for the conclusion of individual Agreements for “Services and work for the management of an apartment building, maintenance, current and major repairs of common property in an apartment building” between the Managing Organization and the Owners of apartments in an apartment building on the terms determined by the General Meeting (LC RF , Article 44, paragraph 31 - introduced by Federal Law of September 27, 2009 No. 228-FZ). 4. Transfer from the balance sheet of the Developer to the balance sheet selected under clause 2 of the Management Organization for the period of its powers of the “common property” of the Owners of an apartment building and responsibilities for “Services and work on managing an apartment building, maintenance, current and major repairs of common property in an apartment building home" along with the warranty obligations of the Developer to the Homeowner. 5. Delegation by the General Constituent Assembly of Apartment Owners in a DSS apartment building, represented by its Chairman, of the right to conduct all affairs with the Managing Organization, within the framework of individual Agreements between Apartment Owners and this Managing Organization (LC RF, Article 44, paragraph 31 - introduced by Federal Law dated 27.09 .2009 No. 228-FZ). 109. Adopt: - a mandatory reporting system to the Housing Owner by any organization managing an apartment building under an individual Agreement in the form of monthly acceptance - transfer under the Act, assigned by the Owner for execution and actually performed work and services, before (!) issuing an invoice (receipts) for rent . — tariffs for “services for management, maintenance and repair of joint property in an apartment building” must be agreed upon and approved by the Chairman of the DSS before they are used in mutual settlements between the management company and the Owner. *** 110. Recognize that today in the housing and communal services system there is an irreconcilable disagreement between the Owner of the residential premises (customer of “services and works”) and the (MC) Management Company (performer of “services and works”) regarding the actual composition of “services and works” when calculating “payment for residential premises”, that is: “payment for the maintenance and repair of residential premises, including fees for services and work on managing an apartment building, maintenance, and routine repairs of common property in an apartment building” (LC RF, section VII , Article 154, paragraphs 1, 2), as well as on the principle of setting tariffs and the method of their application in mutual settlements between parties to the Agreement. Today, the tariff itself, in fact, is not agreed upon with the Owners, as required by the Housing Code of the Russian Federation, despite the categorical statements of the Criminal Code in the annual financial reports that the tariff is adopted “by absentee voting of the Owners...”. It is arbitrarily put forward by the Management Company to the maximum, in accordance with some “Resolutions” known only to it, by increasing the tariff of the previous year, moreover, by more than 6% (contrary to the instructions of the President) with notification of the Owners through the notice board. 111. To state that, according to the Housing Code of the Russian Federation, Section VII, Article 154, paragraphs. 1, 2, the tariff adopted by the Criminal Code must be applied to the full implementation of all “services and works” under the article “payment for residential premises”. At the same time, each Owner realizes his burden of payment for services and work on managing an apartment building, maintenance, and current repairs of common property in an apartment building by depositing funds into the account of the Management Company, in proportion to his share in the common property, formed by multiplying the tariff by the area of the Owner's residential premises. This is and should be the end of the full monthly settlement of the parties, the Owner and the management company - parties to the Agreement. 112. To state that the current Treaty and the Housing Code of the Russian Federation, Section VII, Article 154, paragraphs. 1, 2 do not provide for an increase in the Owner’s costs in the event that the management company attracts third-party organizations to fulfill its contractual obligations to the Owner. All expenses of the Owner under the item “payment for residential premises” are determined by the accepted tariff. At the same time, the introduction of new cost items by the Criminal Code unilaterally and their presentation at additional (from subcontractors) tariffs for payment to the Owner according to the Housing Code of the Russian Federation is unacceptable! However, in relations with the Owner, the Criminal Code systematically violates contractual obligations and norms of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation. Let's look at this using a “live” example in the city of N-sk, typical for the whole country. Thus, by its strong-willed decision, the Criminal Code from the article of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation, section VII, article 154, paragraphs. 1, 2 “payment for residential premises” (subject of the Agreement) arbitrarily isolate one component part, calling it “Maintenance and Operation” (sometimes “housing”) and are priced separately at the full rate (in the case under consideration - 12.24 rubles / m² , 2013), and the rest is billed to the Owners for payment as separate items, at various additional tariffs that are not integral parts of the tariff already billed to the Owner (as indicated in the rent receipt): 1. - “Maintenance and operation” - 12, 24 RUR/m²; ______________________________________________ 2. — Emergency maintenance – 0.28 rub/m²; 3. — Garbage removal – 1.80 rubles/m²; 4. — Elevator – 1.66 rubles/m²; 5. — ITP maintenance – 0.46 rub/m²; 6. — Maintenance of VNS – 0.18 rub/m²; 7. — Maintenance of ASPP – 0.63 rub/m²; 8. — Intercom (15 rubles/message) – 0.167 rubles/m²; 9. - Entrance lighting - 1.92 rubles/ m²; 10. - protection of common house property (70 rubles/ mass) - 0.775 rubles/ m². The total tariff for these articles (2 - 10), set by the owner for payment separately, outside the article “Candy for the dwelling”, is additionally: 0.28+1.80+1.66+0.46+0.18+0 , 63+0.17+1.92+0.78 = 7.88 rubles/ m² in total under the article “Payment for a dwelling”, the owner has to pay monthly at a tariff equal to 12.24 rubles/ m², formally exhibited by the Criminal Code , and already at a much greater actual tariff equal (12.24+7.88) 20.12 rubles/ m². The collection of the Criminal Code with the owners of the “board for the dwelling” for all its components (the LC RF, section VII, Article 154, pp. 1, 2) bypassing the maximum and it put forward a tariff of 12.24 rubles/ m², leads to a monthly overpayment of owners in favor of the Criminal Code. As the saying goes: "It was smooth on paper (in the LC RF), but forgot about the ravines (in life)." The point, first of all, is that the only document that normalizes the relations between the subjects of Russian society in the housing and communal services of the Russian Federation is an extremely uncertain “amorphous” and an uncomfortable “work”, practically, by all the aspects of housing legislation reflected in it. Essentially, each of its positions can have a lot of interpretations, that is, for the so -called “sensible” demagogic legislation of the Criminal Code, a wide expanse. And, given a huge number of all kinds of additional instructions and decisions to it, then all this “block” of the waste paper becomes completely non -functional. The authors-developers of the LC RF are unknown. He was accepted by the state. Duma, approved by owls. Federation, signed by the President of the Russian Federation. Well, do not disturb these high masters for every discrepancy between articles, points and subparagraphs of the LC RF. Currently, the RF Housing Code is more likely to be "a set of good intentions with which the road to hell for housing owners and paradise for the Criminal Code is lined." Note: Housing owners in the considered example of “unlucky” while still by their interest holders. Without selfish intent, the developer provided a “fork” between the total area of apartments under the contract of participation in shared construction and in the act of transferring the apartment to the property to the equity (by 5 - 12 m²), indicating, at the same time, that “the price of the contract is final and is not subject to change ..." “In the case ... According to technical inventory, the area of the facility will have discrepancies with the area indicated at the beginning of the contract, the price of the price is not reduced.” And "excess and/or unused funds of the shareholder are considered an additional remuneration (!) The developer." That's how! If you were checked at the cash desk at the store, then this is the “additional reward” of the cashier! And here is another “receiver” of the developer in the example under consideration. The apartment building was built, of course, for the money of equity holders, all with all the excavation to the roof, which determined the cost of one m² of housing. When selling it, the house - property goes to equity holders to personal (apartments) and common (the rest) property. At the same time, the contract indicates that "the non -residential premises of the basement of the basement are not included in the common property of the house." Apparently, built for the money of equity holders, the basements “relate” the enthusiasm directly to the “pocket” of the developer! And a little earlier, the text of the contract says that “from the moment the object is transferred to the equity holders, they have the obligation to protect, maintenance, operation and maintenance of common property, including the risks of its accidental death and/or damage”. And this is despite the fact that all “common property” is located in, not belonging to the owners, by any right, the basement of the house (all the premises of the basement were rented out or resold (!) To private individuals, converted for shops, offices and even children's Preschool institutions)! In violation of SNiPs, all engineering common house communications in the basements are tightly placed in one corner at the ceiling. The sewer pipes are laid with a minimum bias and, more often, without it with numerous turns without “cleaning” and “revisions” so that access to the system for preventive and emergency work is possible only from the apartment of the owner or the house reception well. All this engineering equipment of common house property, of course, is covered by the interior of the new owners and became completely inaccessible not only for repair, but even for its technical inspection! The rights of these (!) Owners of the Criminal Code are strictly “widest”! The owner of this house was also “unlucky” by the fact that an informal “holding” was created by the developer, his subsidiary and the Criminal Code. The entire AUP, except for the heads of the developer and the bank, all the auxiliary services of the Holding (cleaners, security and all AHO) are listed and contained in the state of KU, that is, at the expense of the owners through the notorious tariff 12.24, the owners multiplied to the total area of housing. The amount is impressive if you take into account the total number of sixteen -storey -building sold in the city sold by this company. Indeed, in the "Holding" of the Criminal Code, one for buildings. It seems that the examined example is not an exception for the Russian Federation, when the developer manages to parasitize (!) For the owners (former equity holders) and after the sale of housing. The question suggests itself: “Why were the equity holders are so naive and gullible that they came across a greedy developer? No, just for those who did not suit the “Treaty on shared participation” were refused this participation, and there is no one to appeal in our “country”! 113. To accept at the constitutional level, to protect the interests of the homeowner (SZH), in relations with management companies (Criminal Code) (in addition to the RF LC, Section VII, Article 154, P.p. “Payments for a dwelling” (rubles/ m²) use one, “single” and the only one. 2. The amount of the tariff according to paragraph 1 of the Criminal Code to coordinate (if there is no DSS) personally with each participant in an individual contract - the SZ in an apartment building, by bilateral negotiations and the joint signing of the corresponding additional agreement (act). 3. The collection of the Criminal Code of any other additional payments with the SZH under this article and tariffs that are not an integral part of the “unified” tariff to be considered unacceptable. 4. The maximum value of the numerical value of the “unified” tariff according to paragraph 1 should not exceed a well -defined value registered in the Russian Federation, for example, 0.162% of the value of the “minimum wage” - the minimum wage operating for the calculation period. 5. The maximum value of the numerical value of the “single” tariff according to paragraph 1 can be adjusted for subsequent mutuals, when the minimum wage changes. 114. Accept unacceptable: - Increasing the costs of the owner in case of attracting the Criminal Code of third -party organizations to fulfill their contractual obligations. All expenses of the owner under the article “Payment for a dwelling” are determined by the one tariff taken into account, taking into account the share of the owner in common property (LCD RF, section VII, Article 154, paragraphs 1, 2). - The introduction of the Criminal Code is unilaterally additional to the current contract of cost articles and presenting them for payment by the owner! 115. You should pay attention to a special, speculative technique, to which the Criminal Code in the Housing and Public Utilities system for repression is everywhere, when “knocking out” the desired amount of payment for their services from them. Owners do not always agree to pay for the Criminal Code to become some costs or pay for unreasonably high tariffs and, accordingly, reduce the amount he had set in the receipt, while fully paying utility bills. But the form of the receipt is made in such a way that it is impossible to determine what article the owner decided to make a deduction from the calculated result. In particular, for example: according to cold water supply, according to the article “For common house needs” - ONE, now instead of an unpopular “Voddodobor”! As before, unaccounted for by water meters of owners in apartments, cold water costs reach “fabulous” values. The total monthly house consumption (from the example - six entrances of 10 - 16 floors) for "common house needs", in the way (in the reverse calculation by the method of the Criminal Code and the data of the receipt) reaches 550 cubic meters. With so many water you can fill in the courtyard of this house with a layer with a deep knee -deep depth! Or up to ten railway tanks! According to the accepted Criminal Code, the entire volume of water, formed as the difference between the amount of water placed in the water utility into the house and the amount of water, consumed according to the reporting documents of the owners inside their apartments - there is water spent by the Criminal Code (!) For "common house needs". We repeat once again (for “inattentive”): water on “common house needs” is consumed by the Criminal Code outside the apartments of the owners. Its number is not confirmed by the readings of the devices: which, specifically, “needs” and how much. The calculated amount is incredible! And finally, the most egregious: according to the receipt of the Criminal Code, water, spent on “common house needs” outside the apartments, ultimately flows (written off) into the intra-apartment sanitary devices of the owners, is added to the article “Sewe”, for which additionally We have to pay! Almost, for the same unreasonable volume, and even twice! This is an undisguised catch, falsification, fraud - crime! There is no trust in the management company! In general, it is impossible to exclude the option of resale, “resources saved by the Criminal Code (water, electricity, warmth) according to the article ONE, other users, of which in the territory of the dime of a dime (shops, children's preschool institutions, restaurants, cafes, workshops, car wash, car wash, car wash. stations, etc.). 116. To accept it is necessary and mandatory to provide from the Crims and the home to the owners of housing with a reliable, confirmed by the readings of devices, information about “consumers” and water consumption, electricity and heat for “common house needs” simultaneously or before setting an account for payment under this article. As a rule, the Criminal Code does not bother with detailed explanations for the owners on the expenses of funds collected monthly under the article of the receipt “Content and Operation” (sometimes called simply “Housing”). According to the above example (six entrances of 10 - 16 floors) is more than 285 thousand rubles. Having taken into account the detailed “schedule for cleaning the premises of the house”, this service of the Criminal Code (one janitor and two cleaners) pulls no more than seven for 25 thousand rubles a month, but there is no reasonable information about the distribution of the entire amount. He does not give an answer to the requests of owners of the Criminal Code. Taking advantage of the owner imposed by the owner to collect utility bills, the Criminal Code, compensating for underpayment by the owner, often assigns part of the money for utilities in his favor and, redirecting the “arrears” of the communal workers, “dumps” this theft of the owners, as on malicious “defackers” for utilities. 117. To accept with an addition to the LC RF, in order to strengthen the position of homeowners in relations with the Criminal Code, the owner of a fee for utility services provided to him and for services from the Criminal Code for separate different receipts. 118. To state that when the industry is transferred in Russia to the construction of residential and civilian facilities in private hands, quality indicators fell sharply. Vulgar commercial profitability, profit came to the foreground to the detriment of the quality, safety and comfort of users. The country's crime and commercial structures that captured the country's construction industry replaced construction, sanitary standards and rules (SNiPs and SanPiMas) with their “concepts” and the will of the “host” of the construction company. The construction and subsequent management of industrial and civilian facilities fell into the hands of random (!) Unreasonable illiterate performers. In Russian "neocalism" there is a clear devaluation of intelligence. As a result: the requirements for the strength, reliability and durability of structures are grossly violated, engineering networks are distorted and function badly. In the “lively” example considered here, in violation of the SNiPs and Sunpines, the “sunbeds” in the basement and “releases” to the courtyard wells are laid without slopes, the sewage is not house and yard are made with deviations from the standards. Despite a large construction marriage, a multi -storey building has been successfully accepted (“Selkanen”) and put into operation. There is no doubt: an example considered is not an exception for house -building practice throughout the country. The prerequisites for the rapid widespread failure of engineering networks are created, and in the notal future, even cases of home circulation, especially “skyscrapers”, can be expected. True, all the “Polonsky” by that time will already “notice traces”, safely moving abroad to the castles to their X Islands. The factor of minimizing the area of land for residential buildings is especially acute, up to the complete exclusion of the house plot of common house use - the court! It is not difficult to imagine in what conditions the residents of multi -storey buildings find themselves. And, the goals of profit “developers” increase the number of storeys of residential buildings from five to nine in Soviet times to sixteen to twenty -five now. And this is not a sign of progress, it is a desire for superprofits! 119. To accept at the state level the Regulation on the issuance of a permit for the construction of civil and industrial facilities solely in compliance with the norms and rules that ensure the safety of the vital activity and household comfort of users in accordance with the advanced international requirements, with strict compliance with the area of the land of the general house use of residential and other inhabited dwelling The area of the building.

answer

Explanation of cold water supply, hot water supply and single use in the payment receipt

Payments collected for the provision of housing and communal services are fixed by Article 154 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation.

A citizen who owns an apartment or has rented residential premises undertakes to make payments for hot and cold water, heat and electricity supply, gas supply and wastewater disposal, if he uses these services.

All of the above services are encrypted in the payment receipt in the form of abbreviations. This is done to make the document easier to read.

The following abbreviations are distinguished:

Cold water supply - cold water supply;
DHW – hot water supply;
ODN - common house ones are needed;
DPU – house metering device;
KPU - apartment metering device;
and others.

If you see the abbreviation HVS DPU on your payment receipt, it means the calculation of the amount required to pay for cold water supply, determined using the readings of a common house meter.

If the measuring equipment is installed directly in your apartment, the receipt should have a different abbreviation - HVS KPU.

In other words, the calculation of the amount required to pay for consumed cold water is based on the data of the individual apartment meter.

Cold and hot water supply ODN - what is it?

Floors, number of entrances.
Wear and tear of the in-house communication system.
The size of the adjacent territory served.
Heat supply.
Hot water supply.
Supply of residential premises with specialized devices.
Heated towel rails, risers (insulated, non-insulated).
Common appliances and water in a high-rise building.

They take a certain indicator of consumption by this housing construction.
Then they multiply the recorded numbers by meters of collective use.
The resulting numbers are multiplied by the ratio sq. m. of a certain apartment to collective residential and non-residential premises in the house.

What premises are considered common property of residents?

In multi-apartment buildings, when calculating heating costs for one unit, the total area is taken into account:

landings and flights of stairs;
elevators and elevator shafts;
waste disposal and other technological mines;
corridors;

attics and technical floors;
basements in which utilities are laid;
office space for concierges and technical staff;
premises intended for the common use of residents - for placing a boiler room, for drying clothes, for storing baby strollers, physical education classes, leisure activities or general meetings, etc.

These same premises are taken into account when calculating other categories of ODN. In addition, the list of common property includes:

roofs and over-roof structures;
load-bearing structures, fences and other structures;
all types of life support equipment that serves more than one apartment in this building;
the territory of the adjacent land plot, and the landscaping elements located on it, green spaces, etc.;
other public facilities intended for the improvement, comfort and life support of the residents of the house, which are located on the local area.

What happens if you don’t pay ODN?

Many people mistakenly believe that it is not at all necessary to pay the costs of ODN. Of course this is not true! Every citizen is required to pay in full every month. Refusal to pay will result in penalties from the management company. Debt collection can be carried out by bailiffs by court decision. In this case, any property may be confiscated from the citizen, which is then sold to pay off the debt.

The management company is obliged to provide all utilities in full and of proper quality, and property owners, in turn, are obliged to pay for them on time.

Who should pay for one apartment building?

In accordance with Government Decree No. 354, expenses for general house needs are paid by apartment owners.

Payment for one-time taxation occurs in addition to residential utilities and is a separate category of utility expenses. Therefore, the procedure for paying for ODN is not affected by whether individual metering devices are installed in the residents’ apartments, or by what form of management is chosen in the apartment building.

The consumer of utilities in an apartment building, regardless of the chosen method of managing the apartment building, as part of the payment for utility services, separately pays for utilities provided to the consumer in residential or non-residential premises, and for utilities consumed during the use of common property in an apartment building house (hereinafter referred to as utility services provided for general house needs). “Rules for the provision of utility services to owners and users of premises in apartment buildings and residential buildings,” Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated May 6, 2011 No. 354

Owners of non-residential premises (for example, offices or shops located in the house) are also required to pay ODN in accordance with the calculation rules.

Parameter calculation

For a better understanding of what ODN is and how this parameter is calculated, we will give an example of its calculation for the power supply of an apartment building in several cases.

According to the ODPU counter readings

Vi ODN = (VODPU − Vn − Vzhni – Vzhi − Vpr) × (Si ∕ Stotal) , where:

Vi ONE – volume of ONE for which the i-th owner of the premises must pay;
VODPU - ODPU readings;
V n - the amount of electricity consumed in non-residential premises;
Vzhni - the amount of electricity consumed in apartments not equipped with a power supply unit;
Vzhi - the amount of electricity consumed in apartments equipped with IPU;
Vpr - the amount of energy used by the management company for the production of heating and hot water supply (for houses not equipped with a centralized provision of appropriate resources);
Si is the area of the i-th room;
Stotal is the total area of the MKD premises.

For example:

The owner of the above-mentioned apartment of 80 sq.m. has an apartment in an apartment building with a total area of 16,000 sq.m. – Si = 80 sq.m; Stotal = 16,000 sq.m.
ODPU readings for the month are 5,500 kWh. (the entire amount of consumption, which includes both individual consumption by residents and consumption for general house needs) – VODPU = 5,500 kWh.
Owners of apartments equipped with meters consumed 4,500 kWh. – Vli = 4,500 kWh.
If all apartments in an apartment building are equipped with meters, then Vzhni = 0.
The owners of storage rooms in the apartment building consumed 500 kWh. Vn = 500 kWh.
The house is equipped with centralized heating and hot water supply, and the management organization does not spend additional energy on heating cold water. In this case, Vpr = 0.

Substituting the numbers into the formula, we get:

Vi ONE = (5,500 – 500 – 0 – 4500 – 0) x (80/16,000) = 2.5 kWh.

If the measuring device is not installed

As already mentioned, the calculation in this case is carried out according to the standards, and the formula takes the following form:
Vi ODN = NODN × So × (Si ∕Stotal) , where:

Vi ONE – volume of ONE for which the i-th owner of the premises must pay;
NODN - consumption standard established by the authorities of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation;
So – total area of common property;
Si is the area of the i-th room;
Stotal is the total area of the MKD premises.

Let us assume that the apartment building mentioned in the example is located in the Moscow region, it is not equipped with elevators and electric heating and electric heating installations for hot water supply purposes. Then:

NODN = 0.61 kWh.
Si and Stotal are known.
So = 2500 sq. m.

Substituting the numbers into the formula, we get:

Vi ONE = 0.61 x 2500 x (80/16,000) = 7.625 kWh.

Having carried out calculations using two options, it can be determined that payment for one electricity meter will in any case be more profitable if a common house electricity meter is installed in an apartment building.

Tariffication of ODN in 2021

Art. 156 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation regulates that fees for repairs and maintenance of residential premises must be set in amounts that will ensure the maintenance of common property in the apartment building in accordance with the requirements of the law.

Consequently, the owners at the general meeting can themselves determine the tariffs for general household needs in 2021. Prices are approved taking into account proposals from representatives of the management company and are set for a period of at least a year.

In most cases, management companies prefer to apply municipal rates established by the local government rather than calculate tariffs for each apartment building.

An economically justified tariff is determined taking into account the technical condition, service life and routine maintenance, which are determined by the Rules and Standards for the operation of the housing stock.

Payment calculation formula

According to Government Decree No. 344 of April 16, 2013, water costs are paid according to the general principle of calculating the supplied resources for each resident. The formula for calculating payment for hot water consumption for general household consumption is simple for those houses that are equipped with modern metering devices.

To calculate the payment, you only need to calculate the difference between the readings of the common building meter and the sum of the indicators of the IPU of the apartments in the apartment complex. This difference is multiplied by the current domestic hot water tariff. The resulting number is divided among the residents of the house, and the area of the housing is taken into account. Thus, there is a proportional division of the payment between all owners or tenants.

A slightly different principle for calculating payments for hot water in residential buildings without meters. To obtain the required number, the standard established by the regional authorities is used. It is multiplied by the area of common property, and then this number is also divided among residents according to the area of their apartments.

In order for the distribution to be fair, you need to have accurate data on the number of persons assigned to each apartment, and accurate data on the square footage of individual housing.

ATTENTION! The payment for hot water supply for single use in apartment buildings without meters should not exceed the legally fixed average consumption standard.

If this indicator is exceeded, the difference must be paid by the Management Company or the resource supplier. As an option, apartment owners at a general meeting voluntarily decide to pay the overexpenditure. This is possible if they know the reason for the increase in the amount and consider it serious.

Calculation methodology

The amounts in the bills directly depend on the availability of communal measuring equipment. Collective meters allow for accurate accounting of resource consumption. This means that people only pay for the services they use. If there are counters, calculations are made as follows:

Readings are taken from the collective device and the amount of resource consumed per month is determined.
The volume used by the apartments is subtracted from the resulting figure.
The result is divided between owners and tenants.

Hint: if the building has apartments without meters, then they are calculated according to the consumption rate.

In the absence of a collective metering device, calculations are made according to consumption standards. The result depends on the area of the common space and tariffs. Payment is divided between people taking into account the area of occupied premises.

Formulas for calculations

If there is no meter in the house, then general house needs are calculated according to the introduced standards. At the same time, the above-mentioned resolution approves the formulas, and the standards themselves are introduced directly by the administrations or organizations supplying resources.

The general formula is as follows: V ODN = Standard* S ODN. Where V is the volume of one unit, and S is the area of premises included in the common property.

The ODN standards are the following services:

The gas standard unit is always zero if there is no meter in the house. If it is present, general house needs can have a positive or negative meaning.
The heating standard unit is calculated in Gcal/m² and is equal to the standard for apartment heating.

Electricity of ODN is calculated in kW*h/m².

The standard unit for water supply is calculated in cubes per square meter and consists of two parts:

One component is equal to 0.0903 cubic meters per person per month per square meter of one area.
The other part is calculated according to technological losses in relation to the total consumption, which consists of the standard consumption of cubes per person living in the apartment. Losses are calculated depending on the number of floors in the house. The formula here is as follows: (0.2+0.07*L)/4.3.

For example, in a ten-story building, losses will be about twenty-one percent. Of course, such a large share looks clearly overestimated. Or maybe it was introduced to encourage the installation of meters. If a home meter is installed, then the calculation in the ODN consists of the following volumes of gas, heating, electricity and gas supply.

Real volumes of needs outside apartments (for example, heating and lighting of entrances).
Volume consumed during an accident.
Losses in utility networks.
Over-expenditure or shortfall inside apartments that do not have individual meters.
The formula here is as follows: V ODN (1) = V house (2) - V account (3) - V norms (4) - V deduction (5). Here: 1 - volume of one; 2 - consumption according to the house meter; 3 - the amount according to the meters in all apartments; 4 - the sum of standards in apartments where there are no meters; 5 - deduction from another service.

The result is the volume of ODN, the accounting of which includes the above-mentioned parts. It is no longer possible to calculate each of them separately. But there is a total amount.

Additional volume

Citizens take readings from metering devices at different times. This is taken into account in the calculations. That is, the method described above is a diagram. When determining charges, a special formula is used to take into account the average indicator established based on available data.

For information: if you take readings from metering devices at the same time, the charges will decrease.

Hot water one what is it

So, when including ODN in the housing services of management companies (housing complexes, HOAs, etc.), they should be guided by Part 10 of Article 12 of Federal Law No. 176 of June 29, 2015. In fact, it looks like this: The actual volume of resources spent on the maintenance of common property is presented for payment. The resulting value is compared with the current standards. If the actual volume exceeds the standard, then the difference is paid at the expense of the management company. Residents of the apartment building pay for services within the approved standards. Electricity. The country's unified standard for electricity consumption. does not exist for MKD. The determination of the indicator depends on many factors, for example: Number of storeys of the house - Presence/absence of an individual heating station, lift pumping equipment, lighting of the entrance and adjacent areas, equipment of the house, a common house metering device. If we compare the standards approved for 2021 in different regions, the values are very different.

It is recommended to insulate the basement and other common areas.
Replacing old metal pipes with polypropylene ones will also help.
In order for DHW for general house needs to be calculated correctly and according to the meter, the data from the meter must be transmitted on time. Otherwise, the settlement department will make calculations according to the standards (with subsequent recalculation upon receipt of meter readings).
Control over the work of the Management Company and resource suppliers is also a method of saving. A representative of the house can check the taken meter readings and check compliance with the monthly accrual.

Examples of calculating ODN

Let's look at a few specific cases.

If there is a store near the house that is connected to home networks, its expenses must be taken into account. If consumed services are paid for using an individually installed meter, then during the calculation its data is included in the deduction and excluded from the ODN.

When the riser is turned off at the request of one of the apartments (for example, when replacing the battery), the volume of drained water must be included as a paid service in the personal account of this apartment. He is also expelled from the ODN.

If the central water supply does not provide hot water, the volume of cold water for heating is deducted from the ODN. Cold water in this case must be paid for as hot water supply.

A general house meter for heat energy can also be used for calculating the volume that is spent on supplying hot water.

If there are no individual meters, but a common house one is used, then the following formula is applied: V one (1) = (V house (2) - V deduction (3)) * S one (4) /S house (5). Here: 1 – volume of one; 2 - consumption according to the meter in the house; 3 - deduction from another service; 4 - area of common property; 5 - volume of personal accounts and area of common property.

For personal accounts the following formula is used: V ind. (1) = (V house (2) - V calc. (3)) * S ind. (4)/ S house (5). Here: 1 means the volume of a personal account, and 5 is the sum of the areas of all personal accounts together with the areas of general house value.

According to personal accounts, the general house volume of needs is distributed depending on the positive or negative value.

If the volume is positive, the data obtained is distributed among all consumers of services, which include apartments, as well as offices and shops. Payment of ODN is carried out in proportion to the area of personal accounts.

If the volume is negative, distribution occurs only to residential personal accounts. In this case, all services are calculated in proportion to the number of people attached to each personal account, and the heating service is calculated in proportion to the occupied area.

Without counter

Calculate the amount of energy spent on one unit without a meter using the formula:

Viodn = N one x Soi (Si/Sob),

Where:

N one – consumption rate established by local authorities;
Soi – communal area;
Si – apartment area;
Sob – the entire area of the house.

The management company, which has calculated the amount of energy, multiplies it by the tariff.

With counter

The second formula for calculating ODN for electricity is based on the readings of a common house electricity meter:

Vi = (V d – V tender – V core b – V core – V cr),

Where:

V d – readings of the common house meter;
V nezh – electricity consumption in communal premises;
V lived b – consumption in apartments without an electric meter:
V lived - the same with the counter;
V cr – electricity consumption for additional services.

Important! Whether it is necessary to install a common house electricity meter will be shown by a comparative analysis of the costs of one electricity meter if it is present or not. The result will always be in favor of installing a common house meter.

More about ODN

1. The volume of hot water located in intra-house networks from the entrance to the house to the consumer’s individual metering devices (IMU) may or may not be included in the ODN. Probably, this depends on the will of the Kursk TSK? But hot water is always (during trouble-free operation) in the pipes from the entrance to the house to the IPU. It is spent only on the domestic needs of consumers of the hot water supply service in apartments, and therefore has nothing to do with the work on one-way heating.

The volume of hot water supply at the ODN, displayed in receipts, directly depends on the correctness of the readings of individual metering devices by the residents themselves and the readings of common house metering devices by management companies, as well as the correspondence of the actual residents in apartments without IPU to the number of people registered in them. The high value of payment for ODN may also indicate losses of intra-house communications. If the owners themselves keep control over energy consumption and identify negligent consumers or non-paying neighbors, then the charges will be more correct and insignificant.

If the volume of one is negative

A negative value of one tax for electricity is added up if the general building meter records the consumed volume of electricity less than the summed readings of apartment meters. This is due to the lack of electricity meters for several homeowners who pay ODNE according to the standard.

The electricity supply company compensates for the negative balance by recalculation, based on the number of residents or the total area of each apartment. This system for calculating ODN for electricity is approved by Article No. 354 of the Government Decree.

Calculation example

Over the course of a month, the difference between the data from ODPU and all MKD electricity meters was 150 kW/hour. The number of residents is 200 people. The difference is distributed per 1 person: 150/200 = 0.75 kW/h. The result obtained is multiplied by the number of residents of each apartment. If 3 people live in it, and the current electricity consumption is 150 kW/h, then 150 will be counted: (0.75 x 3) = 147.75 kW/h.

Which is more profitable: with or without a meter?

Practice shows that significant savings in energy costs come from installing electric meters. Calculations without a meter include a large reserve of excess electricity consumption.

If the apartment does not have a meter, then the owner of the apartment building needs to contact the energy supply company, for which a corresponding agreement is concluded. The owner of the apartment can purchase an electric meter himself or use the services of an electricity supplier.

The purchased model of the metering device must be certified by the manufacturer, which is confirmed by the accompanying documentation - the product passport. After contacting the management company with an application to install an electric current consumption meter, a decision is made to call an electrician.

Before installation, the debt for payment for electricity is paid off. The new meter has zero readings. If there is any data on the display, this is noted in a special document.

Housing and communal services in Russia

- even if some type of communal resource is not consumed in the apartment (in your case - hot water), then this communal resource is poured, drunk, burned immeasurably (and even stolen, and a lot) in apartments that are not equipped with individual meters (more part) and in the common areas of an apartment building (a small part).

Then I wrote a letter addressed to the deputy. Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation D. Kozak (he oversees housing and communal services issues) - the letter from the Government Office was forwarded... where did you think? – you thought absolutely right! – again to the Ministry of Regional Development “... for consideration on the merits.” But instead of a “creature”, I received from the Ministry of Regional Development only a COPY of the previous answer!

Why is the total volume significant?

The normal amount of payment for ODN is equal to ten percent of the total cost of payment for the receipt. If the amount in this category exceeds thirty percent, there is cause for concern. First, you need to analyze the general information, breaking down the entire payment into parts: how much money is spent on the operation of elevators, lighting, pumps, and so on. Based on the data obtained, it is worth thinking about energy efficiency and, possibly, taking a number of measures aimed at energy saving. In this case, specialists in the relevant field are involved in the work, and they, in turn, recommend and implement the necessary technologies and equipment.

In particular, if the electricity supply from the common building meter is very high, residents must jointly identify the cause.

Significant sums for general house needs often indicate that electrical wires are far from being in the best condition. Thus, the meter records many kilowatt-hours. Responsibility for the incoming electrical energy lies with the organization that maintains the relevant networks. If there is no organization, then this responsibility lies with the residents of the house themselves.

In addition, due to illegal consumption, the indicator called “electricity ODN” may also increase. For example, if the residents of a certain apartment were disconnected from electricity for non-payment, but they connected to the network unauthorized, you should immediately contact the service organization so that their access to intra-house communications is limited, since the energy they consume goes towards general house needs. Previously, the accrual of ODN also depended on the availability of meters for residents. If there was none, then they had to pay for electricity according to current standards, as well as for the share of energy that comes from the consumption of the needs of the entire house. Naturally, the standards showed only an approximate value. Currently, in accordance with Federal Law No. 261 “On Energy Saving”, individual meters must be installed in all apartments. Thus, the problem was solved.

The readings of ODN can also be influenced by the timely transfer of meters to the organization servicing them.

Reduce spending

As noted above, there are two options for paying for ODN. According to the standard and in fact. The second option makes sense only if the difference between formula (3) (2) is positive. This suggests that the engineering systems of the apartment complex are in perfect condition, and there is no theft of utility resources. In this case, it is necessary to hold a meeting of the owners and draw up a protocol on the calculation of the cash tax after the fact.

But in practice this is very rare. As a rule, theft occurs, and engineering systems are far from being in perfect condition. Therefore, let’s consider the main measures to reduce costs for one-way service:

Bring cold water and hot water networks into proper condition. Fix leaks.
Conduct door-to-door visits and identify theft of utility resources. These could be illegal connections to cold and hot water supply networks, connections to floor power supply panels.
Conduct a reconciliation of IPU readings in residential premises, draw up an act, send a letter of recalculation to the RSO and the settlement center. Often, the imbalance is due to the fact that residents underestimate the IPU readings.
Install anti-magnetic stickers on hot water and electricity meters, draw up an installation report. Often, residents distort meter readings by installing magnets on the meters.
Carry out a record of the actual number of residents living in residential premises where there are no self-employed persons, draw up an act, send letters of recalculation to the RSO and the settlement center. Very often, the actual number of people living in an apartment and the number of actual residents do not match and they consume more resources than according to the standard.
Seal the insert of the CHW filter. Water can be stolen even through filter inserts installed before the IPU.

In conclusion, I would like to note that the legislation on the issue of ODN has been developed in such a way as to carry out maximum energy saving measures. When the management company and owners treat this issue “in a businesslike manner,” the result is not long in coming.

Application for recalculation of ODN

From 01.01. In 2021, new rules for calculating ODN for electricity came into force. Some unscrupulous management companies send payment receipts to the owners of apartment complexes, where the fees are calculated according to the old standards.

In order to return the illegally demanded fee or compensate this amount in subsequent payments, you need to contact the management company with an application for recalculation of the one-time tax in accordance with the new standards and tariffs.

The application is drawn up by the active owners of the apartment building. It indicates the amounts of payments under ODN for those months when accruals were not made in accordance with current standards. Along with this, the application indicates the actual calculation of the costs of one-way electricity supply for a given period. According to current legislation, the company administration is obliged to recalculate and compensate for unreasonable amounts of payments.

Establishing order in the charging of charges for electricity distribution units largely depends on the owners of apartment buildings themselves. At a meeting of residents, it is necessary to elect activists who would be able to monitor the readings of the ODPU and the readings of apartment electricity meters. As a rule, this method of action discourages the management company from abusing illegal charges for general house needs for consumed electrical energy.

“HVS ODN” - decoding

When receiving a monthly payment receipt, the first thing that may confuse you is the abundance of abbreviations that are incomprehensible to someone who has just begun to delve into the details of utility charges.

“HVS ODN” and “DHW ODN” are the consumption of resources for general house needs (GVS) for cold water supply (CWS) and hot water supply (DHW).

As a rule, the consumption of cold water supply exceeds the consumption of hot water. This is due to the fact that cold water is the main water supply in an apartment building, and hot water is obtained by heating cold water and is supplied in the volume that is necessary to obtain the desired temperature.

Heating occurs using heating devices that raise the water temperature to 60-75°C, after which house pumps supply water through pipelines to apartments and other places of household consumption.

Due to the fact that obtaining hot water requires additional resources in the form of heating and supply to apartments, its cost is usually higher than the cost of cold water supply.

How to reduce costs for one-day visits

The legislation of the Russian Federation obliges citizens to maintain common property (Article 156 of the Housing Code). It is not possible to refuse to deposit money. However, people can significantly reduce this expense item. Experts recommend doing the following:

Install collective meters for metering the consumption of relevant resources, if this has not already been done.
Agree with your neighbors about the time for instant readings. This allows you to get rid of additional volumes.
Adopt at the general meeting a rule on paying money for utilities before a certain date. This method also affects the final amounts.
Monitor the readings of collective meters in order to prevent violations by the management company.

Attention: the ODN standard is established by regional authorities. If the amounts billed to residents are too high, you should contact the management company for a recalculation.

Is it necessary to pay expenses for general household needs?

At the moment, accruals for one-time tax written down in the payment receipt are considered mandatory payments. Based on Article 158 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation, each owner of residential premises in an apartment building must pay costs related to the maintenance of common property and its maintenance.

Failure to pay money for one-time service tax leads to the citizen’s debt, in connection with which utility services have the right to turn off the supply of housing and communal services to the apartment.

The management company may go to court to forcefully collect the debt from the owner of the residential premises.

If the OPU or IPU is faulty

If individual or public appliances fail, or the owner fails to provide readings, the fee will be calculated from the date the appliance became faulty or from the beginning of the billing period if it is not possible to calculate the date.

The calculation takes into account the average volume of resource consumption, which is calculated from the last twelve months, and for heating - from the heating period. When operating the operating unit or individual operating unit for less than a year, the actual operating time is taken into account, but not less than three months.

If it is impossible to take readings from the IPU within three months, and from the GPU within two months, data will be accrued according to current standards.

How to find out the readings of a common house meter?

The company providing utility services with a common house meter installed must take the data from this device every month and enter the resulting numbers into the book of recording the meter readings.

And also to give the opportunity to the owner, at his request, within one working day from the moment of application, to obtain information about the readings of metering devices.

How to sell an apartment with a mortgage and what is needed for this? For recommendations, see this material.

Sanctions for non-payment

Responsibility for non-payment of the cost of ODN does not differ from the scheme for collecting debt for other types of services for servicing the owner’s apartment. There is no distinction between these concepts in legislation.

The question of how not to pay for common household needs should not even arise, since paying for one, like other utilities, is a legally regulated obligation of every owner or tenant.

In case of debt, administrative measures are applied:

accrual of penalties;
debt collection through court with payment of legal costs at the expense of the debtor.

Previously, resource providers could suspend or completely stop providing services to the consumer. However, based on changes in legislation, the Supreme Court clarified the issue of the legality of such actions. The Supreme Court's ruling contains a clear explanation that depriving defaulters of electricity, heat and water is a disproportionate measure to non-payment.

How is payment calculated?

Despite amendments to legislation, the formulas for calculating cold water and hot water supply at one-stage water supply have not changed. Determining the amount of costs depends on the presence or absence of a common building meter in the building.

If the house has a meter, the owners of residential premises spend a significantly smaller amount of money on paying for ODN than residents of a house that does not have a similar meter.

In this case, the difference between the readings of the metering equipment and the aggregate of readings of apartment meters will be the cost of one unit (in the absence of an individual metering device, the average rate is used).

The amount received must be distributed among all apartments in the building in proportion to the size of the area of each room. Thus, owners of two-room housing pay more than owners of one-room apartments.

If there is no common house meter, ODN is determined according to the following algorithm - the regional standard established for hot water consumption is multiplied by the area of all common property, after which it is distributed among all residential premises in proportion to their areas.

It is worth noting that the accuracy of calculations is influenced by various factors (for example, the reliability of information about the area of the apartment, the number of people living in the premises, etc.).

What happens if the accrual for one tax exceeds the norm?

How to file a complaint against housing and communal services - . TSN and HOA - what's the difference?

Housing code of rules for living in an apartment building.

In connection with the innovations, the cost of water supply should not exceed the average consumption rate of water or other resource established by law if there is no metering device in the residential premises.

If this value turns out to be higher, the management company or HOA with which the residents have an agreement for servicing the apartment building will have to pay the difference.

However, in this situation there is an alternative solution. The calculated difference that exceeds the standard can be paid by the owners if they come to a similar conclusion after holding a general meeting of residents.

Completion

It turns out that, within the framework of the law, each apartment owner is obliged to pay for general house needs. Their size is determined for each region or house by the regional authorities.

If payment is not received on time, the management company has the right to charge penalties. If this measure does not produce results, then the debt collection case is referred to the court.

Sources

https://uchet-jkh.ru/publikacii/chto-takoe-odn-i-kak-eto-rasschityvaetsya.html
https://tbti.ru/zhkh/odn-v-kvitancii.html
https://www.mnogo-otvetov.ru/dom/chto-takoe-odn-v-kvitancii-zhkx-i-kak-eto-rasschityvaetsya/
https://pravovdom.ru/zhkx/obshhedomovye-nuzhdy.html
https://pravoznayka.ru/zhile/obshhedomovye-nuzhdy.html
https://FB.ru/article/241337/odn—chto-eto-takoe-obschedomovyie-nujdyi-raschet
https://amperof.ru/elektroenergia/odn-elektroenergii-formula-rascheta.html
https://mfc365.ru/nedvizhimost/chto-takoe-odn-v-zhkh-i-chto-vhodit-v-odn
https://bankstoday.net/last-articles/obshhedomovye-nuzhny-chto-takoe-kak-dolzhny-oplachivatsya-i-chto-delat-esli-prava-zhiltsov-narusheny

Igor Nikolaevich

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