A person’s well-being and mood largely depend on the air temperature in the house. This is where he spends most of his free time. Therefore, it is important for everyone that the “weather” in the house is comfortable and conducive to normal rest and sleep. To do this, you need to know the norms of temperature conditions, control them and, if possible, save heat and your finances.
Temperature standards
Sanitary rules and regulations (SanPiN) 2.1.2.2645-10 are approved by Decree of the Russian Federation of June 10, 2010 N 64 and regulate the optimal temperature in the apartment.
In Appendix No. 2 of this document, a comfortable indoor temperature for a person depends on the climatic season and the purpose of the living space. The fact that he is there without outer clothing and for quite a long time is taken into account - at least two hours continuously.
During the cold season, the range of permissible temperatures in apartments ranges from +18 °C to +25 °C. In summer, the values fluctuate from +22 °C to +28 °C.
According to GOST
Developed at the state level, GOST R 51617-2000 “Housing and communal services. General Technical Conditions" establishes the temperature range for different residential areas.
The concept of “room temperature” is a definition of how many degrees are provided to maintain a comfortable temperature regime during the heating period in individual living spaces:
- living rooms: + 20 °C - 23 °C,
- children's rooms: +23 °С - 24 °С,
- kitchen and toilet rooms: +18 °С - 21 °С,
- bathroom: +23 °C - 25 °C,
- corridor, pantry, staircase: +14 °C - 19 °C
Watch the video: What temperature should the house be?
Scientific background
It is scientifically proven that a person’s quality sleep depends on a good climate in the bedroom. Too hot and dry air, according to doctors, interferes with free breathing, causes insomnia and heart rhythm disturbances. Therefore, an acceptable temperature for sleeping should not be higher than +18 °C.
What is the responsibility of utility companies?
The degree of responsibility of the management company depends on the severity of the offense and the consequences.
If utility companies immediately respond to a complaint and eliminate violations, there will be no consequences. When residents have to involve government authorities, punishment is inevitable. The easiest thing is administrative liability, a fine.
If the owners have damaged property or suffered health damage, they can associate this with the low temperature of the house and there is an evidence base for this, then civil proceedings and compensation for damage cannot be avoided.
When the consequences are serious, sanctions are possible, including criminal ones.
What factors influence
The microclimate in the house is influenced by both external and internal factors. External factors include the location of the premises, the change of season, the technical parameters of the structure, humidity and atmospheric air pressure.
Subjective factors largely depend on the residents themselves. People are able to independently maintain comfort in their home by performing a number of specific actions in a timely manner.
So, to save heat, it is enough:
- Replace old frames with energy-saving double-glazed windows or carefully seal cracks in old structures.
- If necessary, insulate the walls of corner rooms.
- Lay a warm floor covering or install heated floors.
- Add a heat reflective screen to the wall next to the radiator.
- Do not cover radiators with furniture or thick curtains.
- If possible, insulate the loggia and front door.
Climate
The start dates of the heating season over the vast area of Russia differ greatly depending on latitude. To draw up heat supply schedules, average winter time values are taken from a special temperature table. For the southern territories they are one, and for the northern territories they are different.
For example, in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug the heating season begins in September, and in the Moscow region - only in early October. In the Krasnoyarsk Territory and Chukotka, residents will begin heating their apartments at the end of August. For residents of the Black Sea coast, heat is supplied for only three months, starting in December.
There are places in the Russian expanses where it is necessary to warm up houses throughout the year, for example, on the polar island of Dikson.
Season
The change of season also affects the microclimate of the home. With the onset of dank and rainy autumn weather, the walls of houses heated over the summer gradually cool down. In the spring, when the heating is turned off, room thermometer readings also decrease.
Building Features
The technical characteristics of the building, its thermal insulation, materials - all this affects the microclimate of the home. For example, each additional corner in the house is a separate cold area that requires additional heating.
A brick building is warmer than a panel building with seams, and wooden houses not only keep heat well in winter, but also provide pleasant coolness in the summer.
Human factor
The human factor plays an important role when choosing a comfortable thermal regime. For example, some people prefer a warmer atmosphere, while others prefer cooler air.
Many people open their windows to bring in fresh air even in the winter months, and use air conditioning in the summer heat. This lowers the degrees by several units.
Devices
The most convenient and reliable is a portable infrared pyrometer with an accuracy class of 0.5. It takes readings remotely. That is, it is enough to point the bell at the surface to measure and record the value.
It is important that all measuring instruments, the readings of which will be used for complaints to government authorities and legal proceedings, must be operational and accurate. This can be confirmed by having them verified once a year by an accredited organization.
Thermometer
Without a pyrometer, you can check the heat transfer with a regular thermometer. To do this, you need to attach it with a flask to the battery, secure it with tape, and wrap it with heat-insulating material.
Based on seasons
Heat supply to apartment buildings begins and ends according to established schedules, depending on the seasons and regulatory requirements.
in winter
In the cold season, the number of degrees according to readings is always less than in summer. For residents of central Russia, the normal temperature in an apartment in winter should not be below +20 °C (+22 °C for corner apartments).
Heating is turned on when a steady cold snap occurs (with a temperature below +8 ° C) for five days.
Read also: At what temperature will the heating be turned on?
During the heat
With the onset of summer time, the comfortable temperature in the apartment can vary from +22 °C to 28 °C in rooms of different uses.
Overheating should not be allowed, as this not only affects a person’s well-being, but also causes the appearance of microorganisms in the room.
For newborns
When a baby arrives in the house, the regulatory requirements for temperatures change slightly. Pediatricians advise adhering to the optimal regime in the nursery within the range of +18 °C to +20 °C. At these values the child is comfortable. Too hot and dry air, on the contrary, interferes with the baby’s breathing and leads to the appearance of dry crusts in the nose.
The delicate skin of a baby sweats in a hot room, which is why it becomes covered with diaper rash, since it is not able to quickly remove excess moisture. The crib should also be located away from direct exposure to cold air flow - a window or air conditioner.
For the baby’s comfort you need:
- in hot weather or with strong heating, open windows more often to ventilate the child’s room,
- in the warm season, give the baby fluids and baths more often,
- cover too hot radiators with thick fabrics to retain heat.
Compliance
Standards for the temperature of pipes and air in residential and non-residential premises of apartments are drawn up on the basis of many calculations, but it is not always possible to strictly observe them. Difficulties may be associated with the distribution of pipes and heat in them across rooms, how efficiently heating devices operate, and the condition of the risers of apartment buildings.
If the residents of the house independently reinstalled the radiators, changed their location, or installed new heating branches, all this can affect the level of heat in the pipes and air in the living quarters. Sometimes in some rooms there is a lack of heat, in others there is an excess of it.
IMPORTANT! In order for the heating system to comply with the standards for calculating a comfortable temperature, it is not recommended to change batteries, pipes, or their location without consulting with specialists.
How not to harm your health
It would seem that the difference in the standards for the number of degrees in rooms is not so great, but a constant lack of heat or its excess can lead to negative effects on the human body.
Risks of overheating and hypothermia
Too hot and dry air inside a living area can cause the appearance of various types of bacteria that cause many infectious diseases.
In addition, in a stuffy environment, a person sweats and loses a lot of moisture, which negatively affects the functioning of the cardiovascular and nervous systems. At the same time, the skin becomes dry and lifeless, and the body’s fatigue increases.
Prolonged exposure to a cold room causes a disease called hypothermia. At the same time, limbs freeze, blood vessels narrow, and problems arise with the respiratory system and nervous system.
Heating time
The heating period depends on the external environment and the weather outside. The decision on heating is made by the local government, usually the municipality. This happens if the average daily outside temperature drops below 7 degrees.
In most modern houses there is another system - automatic. The temperature at the outlet of the boiler and the decision to supply hot water to the heating system are made by automation, which monitors outdoor indicators.
At the same time, the temperature of the coolant is regulated, which is convenient. This prevents residents from languishing from excessive heat at the beginning and end of the heating season.
Taking measurements
Temperature measurements should be taken in each area of residence if the apartment is too cold. For example, the batteries do not heat up due to an air lock formed in the system.
The measurement should be made within 24 hours. It is necessary to take readings every hour using a regular thermometer.
According to the rules, the thermometer is placed at a distance of a meter from the outer wall and 1.5 m from the floor level. It should be taken into account that sunlight penetrating into the rooms heats the room and increases the readings of the device. It is necessary to measure degrees in the cold season when the street air readings are from minus 5 ˚С and below.
If problems are detected in the heating systems, you should call specialists from the housing company to sign the appropriate report. The documents are drawn up in triplicate and submitted for recalculation of payments to the housing department (housing management department) or management company.
For recalculation, it is important to have the following documents on hand:
- one copy of the inspection report drawn up by specialists,
- an inspection report drawn up after troubleshooting, which indicates the full number of days in violation of standard indicators.
You may find it useful: Housing and communal services penalty calculator: detailed online calculation of penalties for late payment of utilities.
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