Repair and maintenance management

MRO and repair management

MRO is a set of various repair and maintenance work that is important for an enterprise. It is a set of processes for restoring or maintaining equipment in a condition in which it can perform its assigned tasks and functions. Such processes include maintenance, adjustment, modernization, repair, configuration, installation, diagnostics, and condition monitoring. Each of these tasks cannot be performed separately. All processes are interconnected. They act as part of the MRO.

The elements of this system are:

Maintenance facilities. They represent the production assets of the enterprise. These include equipment, tools, and machinery. They ensure the production of products. All assets must be in good working order to perform the functions required by the business.
Maintenance facilities. These are spare parts, materials, tools, devices. They are used to maintain or restore the operating condition of an enterprise's production assets.
Software. These are special systems that allow you to automate all maintenance processes. They provide work with data on the state of the enterprise equipment and the performance of work necessary to maintain operability. Software includes IT tools, ranging from Excel spreadsheets to monitoring and diagnostic programs, complex EAM systems.
Technical documentation. It includes technological maps, instructions, and reference books. Technical documentation determines the procedure for carrying out maintenance and repair of the company’s equipment, and also regulates the quality of such work.
Engineering and technical personnel. These are specialists who are directly involved in the repair and maintenance of machinery and equipment used in the enterprise to maintain their working condition.

To organize all MRO work, a specialized unit is usually created at the enterprise. A manager is appointed who is responsible for the working condition of equipment and machinery to the director of the company. To perform tasks in the field of maintenance and repair, special modules and programs are used. They automate the necessary processes.

Fines for violators of the regime

There are two types of fines for violators: for violation of federal or regional legislation. In both cases they are administrative in nature.

Prosecution for violating federal regulations is possible if the permissible noise level is exceeded. The violator is liable under Art. 6.3, which provides for a fine for an individual in the amount of 100-500 rubles.

If the silence regime is violated, the fine is regulated by regional legislation. For example, in Moscow for individuals its amount will be 1-2 thousand rubles. For officials and legal entities, the amounts are higher: 4-8 and 40-80 thousand rubles, respectively.

What does automation of repairs provide?

It is difficult to manually record changes in the state of technology and generate forecasts and reports. It is necessary to analyze a large amount of information. It takes a lot of effort and time. In addition, there is a possibility of making a mistake. Miscalculations can lead to instability in the operation of the enterprise. Due to an incorrectly drawn up forecast, a company may face the fact that important equipment will fail at the most crucial moment.

To avoid such problems, special software products are being implemented and used by many enterprises. Such systems provide automation of processes regarding repair and maintenance management. They reduce time costs to a minimum. They eliminate the human factor, which means they reduce the likelihood of making an error when analyzing and processing data to zero.

Automation allows you to manage repairs more efficiently. The performance of the equipment directly determines the activity of the enterprise and its ability to fulfill plans for production volume.

Automated repair management gives the organization reliability and confidence in the future. Increases its efficiency and competitiveness. Modern information systems affect all business processes.

Automation of repairs at an enterprise provides the following:

Maintenance plans are integrated with company production plans.
Risks in the service part are reduced. This, in turn, minimizes production risks.
The equipment operates reliably and is constantly in technical readiness. This guarantees the company stable functioning and fulfillment of all production tasks.
The design features of the equipment are taken into account. This simplifies the process of maintenance and repair, making it more convenient and accessible.

Automation of repairs allows:

Free employees from routine. This gives staff the opportunity to use their working time more efficiently.
Optimize costs for equipment and machinery repairs.
Eliminate the possibility of lost applications and poor-quality work. This reduces the risk of customer dissatisfaction, sanctions and fines.
Timely replenish the stock of materials and spare parts necessary for MRO. Optimize the logistics process.
Reduce the budget for planned purchases of machinery and equipment.
Make decisions about the fate of equipment based on complete and accurate information.
Reduce equipment downtime.
Save time for managers monitoring the maintenance and repair process. Management decisions are made more accurately and quickly.

Thus, automation of MRO makes the enterprise more reliable, stable and successful.

Automation of MRO in an agricultural enterprise

There are different MRO programs. They differ in functionality and have their own operating features. 1C TOIR is considered the most popular and effective today. This is a modern flexible product for managing production assets and resources. Belongs to EAM class systems.

Enterprise Asset Management (EAM) is a systematic and coordinated activity of an organization aimed at optimally managing physical assets and their operating modes, risks and costs throughout their entire life cycle to achieve and implement the organization's strategic plans

Allows you to plan and manage repairs, maintenance. Suitable for accounting of machines, machinery, equipment, structures and other assets. Provides an opportunity to establish mutual understanding between technical specialists and financiers. Allows you to identify problem areas, increase the efficiency of repairs and maintenance, and reduce MRO costs.

1C TOIR is created on the basis of the 1C platform, software that is familiar to a wide class of specialists in the agricultural industry. Therefore, it can be introduced at an enterprise of any size and area of activity.

Main functions of 1C TOIR:

maintaining reference information, equipment list;
accounting for the remaining parts in the warehouse, generating the need for spare parts;
maintaining a spare parts catalogue;
formation and adjustment of the maintenance and repair schedule for the required period;
planning financial costs;
registration, analysis, classification of defects;
drawing up reports on work done to eliminate defects;
keeping records of equipment condition;
write-off of spare parts, etc.

This product is suitable:

directors of enterprises;
workers of repair and accounting services;
managers responsible for business development;
heads of departments created to conduct sales and supply activities.

1C TOIR works quite simply. At the stage of system implementation, initial data is entered into it for each equipment involved in the production process at the enterprise and subject to repair and maintenance. The values of the measured indicators are set. Information is entered about the initial condition, the latest repairs performed, operating hours, downtime, and warranties. This is done in the “Equipment and Standards Accounting” tab. The standards for each repair object are also set here.

A list of regulatory documents is being compiled that regulate the frequency of different types of repairs. Based on this information, a repair and maintenance plan is drawn up. According to it, all necessary work is being carried out. They are carried out according to orders. Information about all repairs is recorded in 1C TOIR. The system allows you to track the completion of work according to orders. It also takes into account some of the work done.

The MRO program makes it possible to set the frequency of maintenance, current and major repairs for each equipment. A graph can be drawn up to visually represent the repair cycle. It is formed for a piece of equipment or a specific workshop, area, or the entire enterprise.

The system automatically generates an annual report on logistics needs. This gives the company the opportunity to promptly purchase parts, tools and materials necessary for repair and maintenance.

The maximum effect from using 1C TOIR can be obtained by integrating this product with 1C:ERP, 1C:UPP. Information exchange with automated process control systems (SCADA) programs is also possible.

Organization of current and major repairs of housing stock

The most important task of housing maintenance organizations is to ensure trouble-free operation of all building elements - structures and engineering equipment - during the service life determined by the standard for a given type. This is achieved during the renovation process.

Each building consists of a large number of different structural elements, each of which has its own service life.

For example, foundations, load-bearing walls, reinforced concrete floors and load-bearing elements of roofs are designed, depending on the type, for 100, 125, 150 years, roofing - for 10-80 years, floors - for 20-80 years. Relatively often it is necessary to restore the exterior and interior decoration of buildings.

The condition, and, consequently, the need for repair of individual elements is influenced by the environment: solar radiation, humidity, wind, groundwater, i.e. local climatic conditions, as well as the intensity of urban transport. Current operation is of great importance: the creation of favorable temperature and humidity conditions, the uninterrupted operation of all engineering systems, etc. Under the influence of all these factors, during the established service life of the building, its individual structural elements or engineering equipment lose their performance qualities and require repairs. Often there is a need for repairs due to the poor quality of new houses being commissioned.

Every permanent building has structural elements that cannot be repaired: the foundation and load-bearing walls. Individual corrections are possible in them.

During the service life of the building, it is planned to carry out current and major repairs at certain intervals.

Current repairs of a building include a set of construction, organizational and technical measures in order to eliminate malfunctions (restoring operability) of elements, equipment and engineering systems of the building to maintain its operational qualities.

The need and scope of work for routine repairs are identified during building inspections. General, partial and extraordinary inspections of buildings are carried out.

General examinations are carried out 2 times a year - in spring and autumn. At the same time, the structural elements of the building, engineering equipment, finishing and elements of external improvement are examined.

Individual elements of engineering equipment and structures are subject to partial inspection. At the same time, minor malfunctions of sanitary equipment are eliminated (replacing gaskets of water taps, cleaning siphons, washing and disinfecting garbage chutes, etc.).

Extraordinary inspections are carried out 1-2 days after accidents and natural disasters. In this case, the most damaged structural elements and engineering equipment are checked first.

A spring general inspection is carried out after the buildings are used in the winter. During the inspection, the condition of structural elements, engineering equipment and elements of external landscaping of the yard area is checked. During the inspection, the scope of planned maintenance work is clarified, and faults and damage are identified, the elimination of which requires a major overhaul.

General inspections of buildings are carried out by a commission consisting of representatives of the housing management body, the owner (the body authorized by him), the organization servicing the housing stock (engineer of the housing maintenance section, foremen, production service technicians, workers of relevant specialties). If necessary, representatives of specialized organizations and technical experts may be involved in inspections. Control over the inspections is carried out by the housing management body, the head (chief engineer) of the body authorized by the owner or the organization servicing the housing stock.

Based on the results of the inspection, the commission draws up an act that provides general information on the structure (address, wall material, number of floors, volume, size of residential and non-residential space, cost of the building, etc.), as well as the content of the inspection and tests of individual structures and equipment. Based on the spring technical inspection reports, inventories of repair work are compiled for each house planned for routine repairs. They include defects and malfunctions identified during technical inspections, which must be eliminated during routine repairs in the next calendar year.

The inventory of repair work includes work ordered by the State Housing Inspectorate, other state supervision bodies, as well as work at the request of tenants, tenants and owners that is not urgent, which must be performed in the process of carrying out routine repairs. An inventory of repair work can be compiled by an organization servicing the housing stock. In this case, it must be agreed upon with the owner of the housing stock or his authorized body (management organization). Based on the results of the scheduled autumn inspection, previously compiled inventories of repair work and estimates (estimated inventories) for routine repairs are clarified.

There are two types of routine repairs: preventive (scheduled) performed at established intervals, and unforeseen, usually performed urgently in the period between scheduled repairs.

Preventive maintenance is the main type of current repair. If carried out in a timely manner, it allows for uninterrupted service to residents, ensures the operation of structures and equipment, and helps to increase the turnaround time for major repairs and reduce its cost. It is recommended to allocate 70-90% of all funds allocated to the household for routine repairs for preventive repairs.

The importance of preventive repairs is that it maintains the asset in a state of operational readiness and provides an economic effect, expressed in a more rational use of labor and material resources allocated for repairs.

Scheduled preventative maintenance includes: preventive inspection, adjustment and adjustment of engineering equipment, elimination of other faults that can be corrected during inspection, as well as preparing buildings for operation in winter and summer. The frequency of preventive maintenance, depending on the capital of buildings, physical wear and local conditions, varies from 2 to 5 years. In residential buildings with more than 60% wear and tear, preventive repairs must be performed annually.

Current unforeseen repairs consist of urgent correction of defects that arose during operation at the request of the population or identified by household staff, as well as accidental damage and deficiencies that were not discovered and eliminated during scheduled maintenance or arose after its implementation. Unforeseen repairs also include emergency work.

We list some types of work performed during routine repairs and related to the main production process:

- repair and strengthening of foundations - sealing and jointing of joints, sedimentary seams and cracks, foundation walls and plinths; restoration of individual sections of basement wall waterproofing; installation (sealing) of ventilation ducts; repair of pits and basement entrances; replacement of blind areas;

- for the restoration of walls and the implementation of external and internal finishing work - sealing cracks, filling seams, restoring cladding and relaying individual sections of brick walls, restoring individual partitions, cornices and lintels, strengthening fallen bricks; sealing joints of panel walls; sealing potholes and cracks on the surface of blocks and panels; insulation of freezing areas of walls, elimination of dampness and drafts, restoration of plaster of walls and ceilings in certain places; all types of painting and glass work in common areas;

- repair of floors - partial replacement or strengthening of individual beams and sections of plank lining of wooden floors; antiseptic and fireproofing of wooden floor elements, restoration of backfill and screed; sealing seams, potholes and cracks in reinforced concrete floors;

- repair of roofs and roofs - strengthening or replacing individual elements of wooden rafters; antiseptic and fireproofing of wooden roof structures; strengthening or replacing drainpipes; replacement or restoration of individual sections of mastic roofs; troubleshooting steel and other types of roofs; strengthening or replacing parapet gratings, fire escapes;

- repair of windows and doors - restoration or partial replacement of elements of window and door fillings; installation of closers, springs and stops on doors; changing window and door fixtures;

— for the repair of partitions - sealing cracks in slab partitions or relaying (replacing) individual sections of brick or wooden partitions, improving the soundproofing properties of partitions;

- repair of stairs - filling potholes and cracks in steps and landings; replacement of individual steps, treads and risers; partial replacement and strengthening of metal railings;

— for the restoration of floors - replacement of individual sections of floor coverings, replacement (installation) of waterproofing of floors in bathrooms;

- repair of the heating system - replacement of individual sections of pipelines, heating devices, shut-off and control valves; installation of air valves; insulation of pipes, expansion tanks;

— repair of the ventilation system - changing individual sections of the ventilation system, eliminating leaks in ventilation shafts and ducts;

- repair of water supply and sewerage systems - sealing connections, eliminating leaks, insulating and strengthening pipelines, eliminating blockages; replacement of individual sections of pipelines and fittings; insulation and replacement of fittings for water tanks in attics; replacement of fire hydrants;

— repair of electrical equipment of buildings - replacement of faulty sections of the building’s electrical network, damaged sections of the intra-apartment group power supply line for electric stoves; replacement of switches, plug sockets, lamps, fixtures, fuses, batch switches, input distribution devices and panels;

- for the general improvement of households - restoration of damaged areas of sidewalks, blind areas, driveways and container sites, installation of lawns, flower beds, installation of fences and equipment of children's, utility and sports grounds.

Current repairs of residential buildings and elements of external improvement can be carried out by the owner or his authorized body; an organization servicing the housing stock, an economic one - on its own, a contracting one - on a competitive basis, as well as a mixed method.

The subject of the competition can be either the entire range of routine repair works or individual works. For example, repair of special engineering equipment, repair of the roof, interpanel joints and other elements of the building and external landscaping, which organizationally and technologically can be separated into a separate block of work.

An inventory of repair work drawn up and approved in the established manner is the basis for drawing up an estimate for a contract for the implementation of routine repairs of a residential building by a contractor or an estimated inventory of work for their implementation in an economic way.

A prerequisite for organizing and carrying out routine repairs of the housing stock is that the owner or the body authorized by him (the management organization) has a license to perform the functions of the “Customer”, and the contractor has a license to perform licensed types of work on the repair of the housing stock.

To carry out routine repairs of certain types of engineering equipment of residential buildings and other special work, the contractor can, in turn, engage specialized contractors on a subcontract basis.

Current repairs of engineering equipment of residential buildings (engineering heating and ventilation systems, hot and cold water supply, sewerage, electricity supply, elevators, fire extinguishing and smoke removal systems, intercom and locking devices, etc.), which are under the maintenance of specialized housing and communal services enterprises, are carried out by these enterprises.

The main means of regulating the relationship between the customer and the contractor in the process of carrying out routine repairs are an on-farm order (for the economic method) or a contract agreement (for the contract or mixed method).

When carrying out routine repairs by any method, the following auxiliary and maintenance functions are provided. If necessary, guarded storage and utility premises can be organized during the period of work. The customer must provide organizational and technical assistance to manufacturers of work on connecting equipment, electrical machines and mechanisms to house utility networks.

Providing the work contractor with access to all building structures and engineering equipment in the common areas of the building and, if necessary, in residential premises. Warning tenants, tenants and owners of residential and non-residential premises of the house at least 2-3 days in advance about the upcoming work. Ensuring safety of residence and minimizing inconvenience during work, including: suspension of work in the evening and at night; suspension of work in cases where its production poses a danger to the health of residents.

When carrying out routine repairs, repairs of common areas in residential premises are carried out by employers, tenants and owners, as well as by contractors on a paid basis.

The owner or his authorized body (management organization) ensures control over the progress and quality of routine repair work, involving, if necessary, representatives of the State Housing Inspectorate and expert specialists for these purposes.

After the completion of the current renovation of a residential building, the work is accepted by a commission consisting of representatives of the owner of the housing stock or an authorized body (management organization), or an organization servicing the housing stock, a contractor and the State Housing Inspectorate, appointed by orders of the heads of the relevant organizations. If necessary, independent specialists or experts may be involved in acceptance. Acceptance of work is carried out visually. If necessary, using instrumental acceptance control methods.

Each housing organization has at its disposal a group of workers to quickly carry out minor urgent work on the farm. This group usually includes three roofers, two carpenters and one electrician. Depending on local conditions, the composition of workers within the total number may vary.

Emergency dispatch services created at housing organizations eliminate minor faults, mainly in plumbing equipment, and fulfill urgent requests from the population at any time of the day (unforeseen repairs).

Complex and specialized teams are created as part of housing maintenance organizations that carry out preventive repair work; repairs related to preparing the housing stock for the spring-summer and winter seasons; unexpected work (by dispatch services). Complex teams carry out preventive repairs and preparation for the spring-summer and winter seasons. Specialized teams carry out work on setting up engineering equipment.

Housing organizations with this method of organization fulfill the responsibilities of the customer (on-farm order) and control the quality of work.

Overhaul of residential buildings consists of replacing and restoring individual parts or entire structures and equipment of buildings due to their wear and destruction, i.e. in eliminating physical wear and tear. Major repairs are often combined with modernization - the elimination of obsolescence. At the same time, the level of improvement of the building and surrounding areas increases; communal apartments are being redeveloped into family-occupied apartments; Individual designs and types of equipment are being replaced with more advanced ones with a longer service life.

There are two types of major repairs - comprehensive and selective (structural).

Comprehensive overhaul is the main type of overhaul. Its purpose is to ensure the safety of all structures and equipment of the building. The frequency of complex overhauls is 30 years, 24 years and 18 years, depending on the capital group of the building. When carrying out such repairs, worn-out structures are replaced with new, more modern ones (except for external walls, foundations and reinforced concrete floors).

Selective major repairs involve the replacement of individual building structures and engineering equipment, as well as other types of work that cannot be postponed until a comprehensive repair is carried out. Usually, selective repairs are carried out on the roof, facade, elevator facilities, heating boiler rooms, etc. The frequency of selective repairs is six years.

The assignment of residential buildings for major repairs is carried out by the housing maintenance organization on the basis of approved long-term plans for major repairs of the housing stock.

Major repairs can have a different structure:

— major renovation of the building as a whole (comprehensively): with and without replacement of floors;

— major repairs of individual structural elements - facades, roofs, external utility networks and structures, heating boiler houses (on the balance sheet of housing maintenance organizations), elements of external improvement, elevators, work on automation and dispatching of management and control of the engineering equipment of residential buildings.

Work on major repairs of residential buildings is carried out, as a rule, by contract.

The main functions of the customer and contractor are as follows:

- the customer transfers the approved design and estimate documentation to the contractor in a timely manner, ensures timely financing and payment for the work performed, if necessary, vacates the residential building from residents and tenants during repairs, ensures the safety of the building (elements) for the period before transfer to the contractor, transfers the vacated the repair facility according to the contractor's report, provides technical supervision of the work, supplies materials, products and equipment, accepts completed work packages, organizes designer's supervision of the work and presents the renovated residential building to the state commission;

- the contractor accepts the facility for work from the customer, carries out the repair of the building on his own in accordance with the approved design and estimate documentation within the established time frame with the proper quality of the work performed, promptly eliminates deficiencies and defects identified during the work execution and acceptance process, and delivers the repaired facility to the customer , participates in the work of the state acceptance commission, eliminates, at the request of the housing maintenance organization at his own expense, defects and shortcomings caused by his fault, discovered during the operation of the renovated building within two years from the date of its acceptance.

After approval of the targeted capital repair program, design and estimate organizations are given the task of developing documentation for each building separately. The assignments provide a complete description of the building, a list of defects and indicate the type of repair planned according to the plan.

Based on the design assignment, design and estimate documentation is developed in the form of a technical and working draft.

After approval of the work plan for the year, the housing maintenance organization draws up and submits a title list to the local administration for approval. It indicates the address list of houses being renovated, broken down into complex and selective repairs, the type of repair, the size of the total area of the facility, the estimated cost, highlighting the cost of repair and construction work, the carryover volume of work started in the previous year, the balance of the estimated cost for carryover objects, the volume work for the planned year, broken down by quarter, performer (contractor), start and end dates. The title list is transferred to the financing bank.

Housing and maintenance organizations, acting as a customer, enter into a contract with repair and construction or other organizations performing the functions of a general contractor. This agreement specifies the obligations of the parties to prepare and carry out major repairs. Organizations acting as subcontractors (performing specialized types of work: repair of electrical and plumbing equipment in buildings, etc.) enter into agreements with the general contractor.

To accept objects from the customer by the contractor to carry out major repairs, commissions are formed consisting of: deputy head of the local administration (chairman), representatives of the customer, contractor, housing maintenance organization, design institute. The objects are handed over to the contractor a month before the start of work.

The housing maintenance organization holds a meeting of residents, where it informs about the timing of major repairs, types of work, changes in the layout of apartments (if any are planned), and the procedure for relocating residents.

Contractors carry out work in strict accordance with approved documentation, flow schedules and technological sequence of work within the time limits established by the title lists. The customer can exercise control over the execution of work - technical supervision. In addition, design supervision of design organizations is carried out, which should ensure maximum compliance of technical solutions and technical and economic indicators with similar solutions and indicators provided for in approved projects and ensure high quality of repairs.

Architectural supervision is carried out under an agreement concluded by the customer with the design organization.

The commissioning of comprehensively renovated houses is carried out by a state commission headed by the deputy head of the local administration. Objects of selective repair are accepted by a commission appointed by local governments or the owner of the house. When accepting a house into operation after a major renovation, the commission evaluates the quality of the work performed (“excellent,” “good,” or “satisfactory”).

The contractor is responsible for the quality of repairs.

The work of the main function when carrying out major repairs of residential buildings is all the work of routine repairs, but in a larger volume, as well as the installation of additional light openings, the construction of balconies and loggias, the replacement of heating and water supply systems, the installation of dispatch systems, changes in the roof structure, the reconstruction of a cold attic in warm.

Supporting and maintenance functions during major repairs include the development and approval of design estimates, vacating a residential building from residents and tenants during repairs, ensuring the safety of the building (elements) for the period before transfer to the contractor and technical supervision of the work, supply of materials, products and equipment, etc.

Accounting for repairs and maintenance using the example of agro-industrial complex

In any field, especially in agriculture, which often uses machines and equipment, programs for automating MRO are needed. But, unfortunately, the introduction of MRO automation products in agriculture is progressing at a slow pace. This is due to the fact that such programs do not take into account the specifics of this industry.

In the agricultural sector, the nature of the production of grain, sunflower seeds or beets is seasonal. Maintenance and repairs are performed during the off-season and require the use of advanced planning tools. Refusal of MRO automation programs does not bring anything good for farmers. Manual processing of information and maintaining paper documentation involve a lot of time, effort and the likelihood of making a serious mistake. For example, when placing an order manually, important information about a spare part may be lost. This will result in the supplier receiving incomplete or incorrect information. Accordingly, the agro-industrial complex enterprise will purchase the wrong part. Therefore, it is advisable to use software products in agriculture. But they must be adapted to the agricultural sector.

Repair and maintenance in the agro-industrial complex has its own characteristics. And the software can take this into account. For example, for crop production enterprises where combines and trucks are used, it is important to create electronic catalogs of spare parts and equipment passports, record the use of spare parts stocks and manage their storage and use.

Choosing a program suitable for an agricultural enterprise allows you to form the structure of a fleet of special equipment (tractors, earth-moving machines, combines), keep records of equipment repairs, make decisions about when it is better to buy a new machine, and also timely purchase the necessary spare parts and materials for MRO. All this contributes to increasing the efficiency of the organization.

Process groups

The methodology is based on ten groups of typical business processes. Depending on the specifics of production, equipment and organizational structure, each group is divided into processes, the depth of description of which also depends on the problem being solved.

Thus, group 01 OBJECTS includes processes for describing maintenance and repair objects. Objects are understood as single equipment and technological systems from many units of interconnected equipment. The correct display of these objects in information systems depends on the correct management of the process of describing MRO objects. And this, in turn, determines the correctness of making technical, organizational, and financial decisions to maintain the necessary reliability.

Group 02 OPERATION - use of equipment for its intended purpose. During the operation of equipment, it is also necessary to perform operations necessary to ensure its reliability, and to comply with operating rules that directly affect the program for its maintenance.

Group 03 RELIABILITY - reliability management is a key process in organizing effective management of complex production systems. During the analysis, all potential deviations in the operation of the equipment (dysfunction) are examined. Based on the ranking of the criticality of their consequences, reliability is determined - an indicator characterizing the ability of equipment to perform the necessary functions, and a new program of work on maintenance and repair, modernization, and replacement is built or adjusted.

04 DIAGNOSTICS - diagnostic processes are based on the use of technical means and methods, methodology for monitoring the technical condition of equipment. Diagnostics management processes must be integrated into the overall maintenance and repair management system and provide reliable and timely technical information regarding the actual condition of the equipment for planning timely impacts on it.

05 PLANNING is a group of processes that result in the reservation of resources necessary to perform maintenance and repair work. The modern process of organizing planning involves a lot of analytical work to study the causes of typical defects, search and organize the implementation of not just repairs, for example, according to a program of scheduled preventive maintenance, but complex programs for maintaining reliability.

06 WORK MANAGEMENT - coordination of the direct implementation of pre-planned MRO work. Work performed under existing production conditions requires more precise coordination when conditions change. Since it is impossible to plan and “include” all possible deviations in the standards, the work management process involves managing the “front of work” immediately before the start of their implementation (on the planning horizon, week - day - shift).

07 INDUSTRIAL SAFETY - a group of processes that ensure compliance with current rules and restrictions in the field of industrial and environmental safety. Maintenance and repair management processes directly affect the reliability and safety during the operation of hazardous facilities and must, of course, be integrated with the processes of ensuring and monitoring safety. It is important that the processes of industrial safety management and MRO management do not exclude or replace each other, but are carried out in parallel and must be closely integrated.

08 EXECUTION - a group of processes of direct “twisting”. They are necessary to ensure the integrity of the MRO management system, since questions, for example, “Which wrenches should I use?” are directly related to the organization of MRO work.

09 WAREHOUSES AND PURCHASES of inventory items - this is a group of necessary processes for managing purchases and storage of inventory items in the MRO management system. It is the availability (or absence) of the necessary spare parts and materials that is the main problem in organizing flexible maintenance and repair management systems, in which the basic planning principle is “just-in-condition” as opposed to “just-in-time”, used in the system of scheduled preventive maintenance (PPR).

10 FINANCE, ECONOMICS AND ACCOUNTING - processes associated with the monetary expression of the results of organizing maintenance and repair work. In modern production systems, it is money that is the universal tool for assessing any processes, including technical ones.

Construction of a maintenance and repair system using MRO automation

Scheduled preventive maintenance is a series of preventive measures to care for equipment. This includes inspections, cleaning, replacement of worn parts, adjustments, etc. All this allows us to eliminate the operation of equipment under conditions of severe wear and tear.

Conventionally, the PPR system can be divided into two parts:

scheduled preventative repairs of machinery and equipment according to their condition;
regulated PPR.

All preventive maintenance activities are recorded in the relevant documentation. For any equipment, regulations and an annual maintenance plan are drawn up. Doing all this manually is difficult. Automation can simplify this process and eliminate paperwork. It is recommended to use 1C TOIR.

The program allows you to create and maintain a maintenance schedule. To create a repair planning schedule, you must specify the following information in the system:

date of issue of the schedule;
the period for which you need to create a schedule;
the department for which the schedule is required;
objects for renovation that need to be included;
list of types of repairs and maintenance for the schedule.

Operational planning of repairs is carried out on the basis of requests for repair work. They are formed when a defect is detected in equipment or when a scheduled repair date arrives. They can include operations and materials approved in flow charts and specifications. When creating requests, planned costs are determined automatically by the system. Based on such requests, orders are drawn up. They provide a list of necessary work, deadlines, and indicate repair personnel.

Accounting for repair work is maintained in the system by creating reports of completed work. They are formed on the basis of the outfit. After the act is completed, labor costs and logistics costs are written off.

To carry out scheduled maintenance work on time, it is necessary to have the required tools and spare parts. To plan the volume and timing of their purchase, you need to know the need for logistics. It is easily determined in 1C TOIR. The generated PPR schedules for the period under review must be entered into the system. The need for spare parts, tools and materials is calculated automatically in the system based on data on planned repairs and maintenance. To see the need for logistics, you need to generate a report “Machinery Plan”.

To purchase the required amount of materials, tools and spare parts, you must have an appropriate budget. The 1C TOIR system provides the possibility of its formation. To view the amount of costs, the program has a special report “Direct costs of repairs”. In order to control costs, it is worth generating a report “Plan-actual analysis of logistics costs”.

The period of proper operation depends on how equipment maintenance and repair are managed.

Modern enterprises use maintenance automation software for this. Creating an information relationship between repair teams, work and information about spare parts, allows you to reduce the costs of the enterprise, plan the implementation of preventative maintenance, and maintain an electronic archive of completed repairs.

Repair time

One of the most important aspects of the sanitary well-being of the population is the hours of repair. This issue is the prerogative of regional legislation. Subjects of the federation have the right to independently decide:

what hours can repairs or construction work be carried out;
at what time period during the day should silence be observed;
on what days work can be carried out, and when this will be considered a violation;
how long can repairs in a high-rise residential building take, and in what cases additional permission will be required.

Let's look at examples typical for some regions.

Rules in force in Moscow and Moscow Region

For Muscovites, the time when repairs can be made in an apartment building is established by clause 1.1 of Art. 2 of Moscow Law No. 42. The legislator clearly defined that the time frame within which noisy repair work is permissible covers the period from 9 a.m. to 7 p.m.

A mandatory break has been introduced from 13 to 15 hours, which automatically reduces the maximum period of work to 8 hours.

This mode is valid from Monday to Saturday. On Sundays, other weekends and holidays, noisy work is prohibited.

Such requirements have only been in effect since 2016. Before the amendments were made to the law, only the time when it was prohibited to make repairs in an apartment building according to the law was regulated. Previously, this was the period from 23 pm to 7 am.

The Moscow Region has different rules for observing quiet times. It must be saved:

from 21:00 to 8:00 on weekdays;
from 22 to 10 am on weekends and holidays.

At the same time, regardless of the day of the week, there is a mandatory quiet hour from 13 to 15.

Rules in force in the regions

Although the regions of Russia have adopted different legal acts, they are not much different from the capital. They are based on general principles, in particular:

prohibition or restrictions on noisy work on weekends/holidays;
establishing a time frame within which repair or construction work is permissible during the day, or a period when noisy work is prohibited (in the evening, morning and night), introducing a daytime quiet regime;
determination of the maximum daily duration and timing of repairs.

The generally accepted rules that apply in all regions also include the inadmissibility of the following actions:

redevelopment without appropriate permission;
placement of construction waste in premises that are common property of residents of a high-rise building;
littering of emergency exits and so on.