Wear and tear of the coating, cheap building materials, weather conditions: all this is not a complete list of factors that lead to leakage, freezing or blowing of the roof. Residents of the upper floors especially often face the problem of roof repair. Before contacting the appropriate authorities or hiring a construction team, we suggest you figure out what kind of coating is on your house and what is causing the leak.
What is included in the list of works for restoring the roof of a residential apartment building?
Major repairs include 100% dismantling of failed roofing, insulation, and insulation. A complete repair of the underlying layers of the MKD roof is being carried out.
The roof of the truss structure is repaired with the replacement of damaged sections of the truss system. When the roofing material is spread on the reinforced concrete slab, a new design screed is poured. The waterproofing layer of the MKD roof is restored using a continuous section.
The work includes dismantling and replacing:
- unsuitable roofing material;
- roof elements and structures;
- Damaged roof elements are replaced;
- protection of roof products from fire with fire-fighting compounds;
- wooden elements with their treatment with antifungal compounds to prevent rot and mold;
- roof leveling layer;
- vapor barrier and thermal insulation;
- roof waterproofing, if necessary, new sound insulation is installed;
- supporting and load-bearing structures of rafters;
- roofing finishing layer;
- floor slab joints;
- frame and rafter sheathing;
- drains, drain funnels, gutters, drain pipes;
- dormer windows;
- sections of the roof at the junction of the roof with the pediment and cornice.
Find out everything residents of apartment buildings need to know about the types of work included in major repairs here.
Fencing
Clause 7.16 of SP 4.13130.2013 requires working roof fencing elements. They are placed on flat roofs. The height of 0.6 m is regulated by GOST R 53254-2009.
Gain
Strengthening the structure and imparting strength and reliability factors allows for the implementation of elements in the form of:
- support-type assistance that unloads a stressed unit or has material defects;
- additional beams, they will absorb part of the loads of the damaged part or weakened rafter structure;
- installation of reinforcing struts at the site of damage to unload the unit, high voltage, or with the formation of a crack in the body of the structure;
- installation on a weak point with sagging, bending of the part 2 side wooden or metal reinforcing pads.
Strengthening the roof of an apartment building with a soft roof consists of restoring the design layer of coatings in compliance with the design technology of work.
Brief overview of roofing rules
Roofs of apartment buildings in Russia can be divided into several types:
● bitumen-polymer;
● metal;
● roofs made of polymer membranes.
Each coating has its own service life; sooner or later it will definitely require repair. How quickly this moment comes depends largely on the service organization. Any roof, like a car, requires mandatory maintenance. Moreover, it does not matter what material the coating is made of.
As part of maintenance, organizations perform the following work as necessary:
- They clean the roof and drainage devices.
When removing debris, protective caps, water inlets and drainpipes should be cleaned with round wire brushes (brush) with a diameter equal to the diameter of the pipe. In internal drainage systems with external outlet, it is necessary to periodically clean the hydraulic valve of the drainage pipe and trays. Do not sweep dust or debris into drains.
- Tighten or replace loose fasteners of edge strips, ebbs, droppers, “skirts” on pipes, parapet coverings and expansion joints.
- Attach caps to pipes, aerators and funnels.
- They replace or repair individual drainage devices, roofing aerators, adapters (rubber and other fittings, cups) and other roofing accessories.
- Restore or replace the sealant in the bend of the edge strip in local places and other elements that require sealing.
- Carry out anti-corrosion treatment of metal roof elements (fence posts, pipes, etc.).
- Repairs minor damage to rolled carpet (holes, tears, peeling, etc.).
- Eliminate other local defects.
Is replacing a roof considered a renovation?
The following works are considered to replace the roof of an apartment building:
- dismantling the roof covering;
- laying a new waterproofing film of the vapor barrier layer;
- assembly of the counter lathing for the wooden roof of the MKD;
- installation of step lathing;
- laying roofing with installation of ridge, wind, cornice elements and valley structures.
Roof replacement can be a major repair or reconstruction. These are different things. In the first case, a partial replacement of components and parts is carried out, in the second - a complete replacement of the structure, roofing, and thermal insulation cake. Is there a difference between reconstruction and major repairs and what is it, read here.
What is the rationale for carrying out such work?
Decree of the State Construction Committee of the Russian Federation dated September 27, 2003 FZ-170: established conditions for the reliable operation of units and elements of the roofing covering (clause 4.6.1.7-4.6.1.10).
Protective coatings, steel ties, load-bearing structures, seals of faulty recumbent and standing seam sheet metal roofs are considered to be the cause of roof defects. They must be eliminated, which characterizes the justification for carrying out work on the CD MKD.
The reason for replacing roofing elements may be the aging of the material and the deterioration of its physical and chemical condition. This affects the reliability of components and structures; they become fragile, unstable, and not durable structures. They do not withstand the loads of rain and snow.
The main processes of violations of the integrity and reliability of the roof material, which are the basis for repair:
- Rotten state of the rafters, support units of the wooden roof frame.
- Roof leakage due to the destruction of the roofing felt layer of a soft roof, slate and metal of a wooden roof; destruction of the ridge, pediment, violation of the tightness of the butt joint of the metal roof seam.
- Carrying out routine and emergency repairs using low-quality building materials, or physical aging of design materials that have stood for a long time.
- Destruction or dilapidation of a structure due to wind, snow loads, or the long service life of the structure and materials.
- The appearance of defective areas of the roof that are not suitable for use. Materials and structural parts become unsuitable for further use.
Caps for ventilation shafts
One of the conditions for reliable operation of the ventilation system of an apartment building is the presence of a hood. This is a design that reliably protects pipes from precipitation, debris and wind. In addition to their protective and decorative function, caps for ventilation pipes increase draft and improve air exchange in the system. When designing ventilation, the following factors are taken into account:
— high-quality removal of air from premises;
— preventing cold air from entering apartments;
— use of shafts for air conditioning.
In order to comply with fire safety standards, the design of the ventilation system is made of non-combustible materials. For the manufacture of visors, galvanized steel with an anti-corrosion coating is used. We produce custom-made caps of any complexity, design height and size.
When choosing a cap for a chimney pipe, you should take into account the type of heating system and the material of manufacture. The chimney for a brick stove is completely different from the chimney for a gas boiler in terms of gas temperature and efficiency.
When choosing a hood, seek the advice of a specialist who will help you choose the best option, taking into account the individual characteristics of the ventilation system of an apartment building.
If you do not have special skills, knowledge and materials, do not try to make a cap for the ventilation shaft yourself; it is better to seek help from specialists.
Why is expertise needed?
The examination is carried out to establish the extent of damage to elements and determine the volume of upcoming major repairs.
- Each element is checked for compliance with the design.
- The documentation for repairs also undergoes examination as part of the design documentation for repairs.
- The compliance of product materials with regulatory requirements for reliable operation and classifying the material as a safety category is clarified.
- Confirmed by certificates of conformity and product passports.
- Materials purchased for major repairs that comply with GOST are checked against the specification and bill of quantities.
- Products brought for repairs with the TU index are approved by supervisory authorities and HOAs for use as a replacement for design materials.
At whose expense is the restoration carried out?
The state participates in financing capital repairs. The main sources of financing: budgetary funds and funds that residents collect through monthly contributions.
Can this be done under the program using a special fund?
The costs of major repairs of the roof of an apartment building are reimbursed by the owners of residential and non-residential premises in the amount of their share of the occupied area. There are 2 known payment options for the roof of an apartment building:
- Homeowners pay the management company the estimated cost of maintenance costs for the apartment building. 1 share of income goes to scheduled repairs and maintenance of apartment buildings. The 2nd share is accumulated in the amount for major repairs of the roof of the apartment building. The decision to start work and agree on the estimate with the management company and residents of the house is determined at a meeting of residents. They must vote for this condition. 51% of the votes of homeowners is enough.
- Government subsidies. In the Russian Federation it is regulated by Federal Law-185 “On the Fund for Assistance to Reforming Housing and Communal Services”. It defines the right of citizens to finance the overhaul of apartment buildings. Homeowners will be able to receive government assistance if they make a down payment. The contribution share is not less than 5% of the cost of the roof according to the estimate.
The calculation of payment for the cost of major repairs or ongoing work is done by the management company. Residents of the house are required to pay their monthly share of the maintenance of the house. Accumulation of funding volumes is done in 1 of 2 options:
- on the declared current account;
- on the agent’s current account in accordance with Article 170 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation.
The volume of accumulation of financing for apartment buildings is paid by apartment residents and commercial organizations renting premises from the HOA. The procedure is shown in Part 1 of Article 39 of the RF Housing Code.
What the Capital Repair Fund does, who it reports to, where to complain about it, read here.
Each region is implementing a program for the capital repair of apartment buildings. The standards for carrying out major repairs of the facade and how to find out the address with the work schedule can be read on our website.
Rules for major repairs
Carrying out major roof repairs is subject to the requirements of the norms and regulations for carrying out construction work at heights SNiP 12–03–2001, and is also carried out taking into account fire safety rules.
The set of design and estimate documents for major repairs must necessarily contain chapters on environmental friendliness and safety of work, which must be carried out.
General rules for major repairs:
- Residents of the building must be notified of the start of repair work. The area is fenced, and during lowering and lifting operations, guards are posted.
- The safety of workers is ensured.
- The roof is opened in dry weather - dismantling is done in parts so that there are no leaks in the event of unexpected precipitation. The already opened section of the roof is additionally protected from rain.
- After the roof has been completely cleared of debris, the work is carried out as quickly as possible in compliance with the requirements for the quality of repairs.
- When installing soft roofs using gas equipment, attention is paid to observing fire safety measures.
- The work must comply with environmental standards and use safe building materials.
- Entrance hatches and doors to the roof are made fireproof, insulated, equipped with sealing gaskets and latches (or locks).
- At the final stage of the overhaul, removed antennas, equipment and lightning protection devices are restored.
- After completion, an acceptance certificate for the work performed is drawn up in the presence of responsible persons. Changes are recorded in the technical passport of the building, and the warranty period for the repaired roof is established.
The rules for installing roofing materials depend on their type and are carried out in a manner recommended by manufacturers or suppliers of products.
Who should conduct it?
Nominally, this is done by a specialized organization that has a service agreement. Essentially, he organizes and manages the progress of major repairs of the HOA MKD. Their implementation is established by law. In clause 4.6.1.1. Resolution of the State Construction Committee of the Russian Federation No. 170 dated September 27, 2003 explains who maintains the roof in order to ensure its constant serviceability.
The document describes all key performance criteria. The homeowners' association or management company, which is considered an agent of the managing body of the apartment building, is obliged to carry out major roof repairs. This means that it is responsible for the correctness of its condition. And organizes repairs to the roof of the apartment building.
Deadlines
Civil Code of the Russian Federation Part 1, Part 2 Article 708 Contract agreements establish the terms of major repairs. The start and end dates of the work are also stated there. As agreed upon by the HOA/MC and the construction organization, an agreement is concluded on the timing of the repairs.
Conditions and volumes not included in the framework agreement are prescribed in additional agreements. They define the types and timing of repairs for roof elements that are not included in the framework agreement.
Changes in the scope and new deadlines for the completion of work are stipulated in a 2-party agreement.
How often?
How often is a house roof repaired?
- When roofing materials have peeled off or faded.
- If new leaks appear regularly, inspection should be carried out 2 times a year. The most common places for leaks are cracks in the coating, roof joints, and fastenings of drainage systems.
When is it necessary to write an application and how to do it?
You can apply for roof repairs in an apartment building. It is written by those who primarily suffer from roof leaks - residents of the upper floors. If one of the following troubles occurs:
- stains and stains appeared on the ceiling,
- stains appeared on the walls;
- a leak has opened in the seams between the covering slabs,
then you should, without delay, submit a paper to the management of the management company about the violation of the permeability of the roof.
You need to address the application to the chief engineer or the head of the management company, then indicate your data and address. The text part should explain what problem arose and state a specific request - to eliminate the roof leak, eliminate the cause of the waterlogging, or repair the roof. It is worth indicating the deadline - I ask, they say, to do this and that within two days, and also remind you that the applicant systematically pays contributions for repairs.
Be sure to end the application with a signature and date. You need to draw up such a document in 2 copies, and keep the one on which the secretary or the addressee himself signs.
Here you can see how to write an application for roof repair - sample.
