After purchasing land, you should not rush to plant it or start construction. It is better to master it gradually, according to a pre-planned plan. Next, we will consider the actions that will need to be taken after purchasing a plot for individual housing construction; Among them are securing ownership rights, planning and zoning of the site, its arrangement, installation of a fence - and others.
Securing property rights
A completed agreement does not mean that all rights to the site are assigned to you - several more procedures will need to be completed separately. This ensures that no problems will arise with this land in the future - and during inspections, different things may turn up. That is why it is better not to do anything on the site before its registration is completed.
You should start by contacting the cadastral chamber. You must have documents with you to confirm your purchase. The boundaries of the site are established using land surveying; it is worth carrying out even if contact with neighbors has been established, there are no disputes and there have not been any - a lot can change over the years, for example, the neighboring plot may be sold, and the next owners may turn out to be more meticulous.
When the boundary plan is drawn up, contact Rosreestr with all the necessary documents. If no claims have arisen and they have been accepted, you will be given a receipt and the date of receipt of the extract from the Unified State Register will be indicated - it will serve as reliable confirmation that you have secured your rights to the site. Registration usually takes 10 days.
After this, all that remains is to temporarily fence the area along the established boundaries: to do this, poles are driven in from its inside, and wire or mesh is stretched between them.
What the law says
Any transactions related to the purchase and sale of property of various types (regardless of whether it is movable or immovable, of special value or not) are regulated by Chapter 30 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation.
It is this normative act that pays special attention to the legality and legality of the transaction, the rules for concluding an agreement, as well as the comprehensive protection of the rights and interests of the parties to the agreement.
Issues of transfer of ownership of land plots are resolved
Land Code, and in this normative act, due to its structure and constant changes, one specific chapter is not highlighted - consideration of issues of ownership of land and registration of transactions for the purchase and sale of this type of real estate is carried out in Articles 37 (purchase and sale), 15, 25 -26 (transfer of ownership of land), etc.
That is, these two regulations are key in regulating the implementation of transactions for the purchase and sale of land plots.
However, there is one more Federal law that you should pay attention to when preparing to enter into such an agreement.
This is Federal Law No. 122-FZ “On State Registration of Rights to Real Estate”, which talks about the rules for registering ownership of a particular property.
In particular, the law says that quite often, in order to recognize a transaction as valid, notarization of the agreement will be required. However, such a requirement is expressed for several types of transactions, which, in turn, are quite often concluded in relation to land.
Thus, notarization will be required if an agreement is concluded with the owner, who is represented by a legal entity.
In addition, transactions with shares of property must also be certified by a notary, regardless of whether part of a plot suitable for the construction of a residential building is being sold, or one on which only agriculture can be carried out.
Another case of mandatory notarization of a concluded transaction is the purchase and sale of real estate carried out in the interests of a person who has not reached the age of majority or is incompetent for various reasons (for example, recognized as such by a court due to a serious illness).
Planning and zoning
You can start planning at the same time as completing the paperwork. To begin with, you should study the plot you have received in more detail. Go around it and examine the plants with buildings. Think about what is worth keeping and what is better to get rid of, what is missing, whether any plants require pruning of branches - and so on. If you have not yet made acquaintance with your neighbors, then it is time to do so. You can find out from your neighbors where to go in case of various types of incidents. It is also worth studying how garbage is removed, checking the quality of water, and examining the soil.
It is best to hire the services of a specialist to conduct a geodetic survey: he will determine the type of soil and water level, and draw up a relief plan. Based on the results of his work, it will be easier to decide whether something is worth rebuilding in the area.
Although the type of soil can be determined independently, many do not apply for research. The plants on the site will serve as a hint: if there is a lot of horsetail, plantain, and sparrow sorrel on it, the soil is acidic; coltsfoot, bindweed, meadow and creeping clover, fragrant chamomile love slightly acidic and neutral soils; stinging nettle grows on rich and fertile soil.
When planning, it is also worth considering the direction of the winds - determining which places are well protected from them, where the sun's rays most often fall. If the site is completely clear of buildings, you should immediately decide whether you will need a “temporary structure” on it, or whether you will immediately begin building a house.
Next, you can start drawing up a plan. The site must be divided into several mandatory zones: utility, garden, vegetable garden and recreation area. Select them and make a detailed plan with all the buildings that you will need. A landscape design specialist will help you arrange all the objects in the best way and draw up a plan - his services will be especially useful if the site has complex terrain that needs to be taken into account, or there are already many objects on it and you are going to completely reorganize it.
The plan should indicate communication routes, as well as the entrance. Since the entrance is quite wide, and the land allocated for it cannot be used for anything else, it is worth thinking through everything so that it does not go too deep into the yard.
When the plan is drawn up, it is worth working out plans for each zone separately and drawing them. When drawing up a plan, it is worth complying with the established requirements: this is the only way in the future it will be possible to register the house - for this you will need to collect a lot of documents, including compliance with all regulations on the site.
For example, a residential building must be at least 3 meters from the border of the site; light buildings for animals - at least 4 meters, other buildings - at least a meter. The location should be such that the buildings cast a shadow on the neighboring area as little as possible.
Trees and shrubs should also not grow close to the border: for the latter, the minimum distance from the trunk is one meter, for trees of medium height - two, and tall - four. Planting a hedge is allowed, but appropriate plants must be used for it - the main thing is that they do not form new shoots in the neighboring area.
If there is no centralized sewage system, the sanitary zone is required to be located at least 15 meters from residential premises, and the drains should be directed past the garden.
Ecology of the Moscow region
Highways
Previously, Leningradka was the busiest, now it is Kasimovskoye and Novo-Ryazanskoye highways, which, of course, has an impact on the environment. Only Novorizhskoye and Rublevo-Uspenskoye highways are fenced on both sides by a natural filter - forest, and there are practically no severe traffic jams there.
Forest
Coniferous and deciduous forests occupy almost half of the total area in the Moscow region. However, the richest lands in forests are in the Podolsk, Shatura and Sergiev Posad regions, and the least forests are in the southeast.
The cleanest
So which area of the Moscow region is the most environmentally friendly? In the immediate Moscow region there are the Istrinsky and Zvenigorodsky districts, which are nicknamed “Switzerland near Moscow,” as well as lands located near the Priokso-Terrasny Nature Reserve, near the Oka River, in the Serebryano-Prudsky, Ozersky and Zaraisky districts. The mushroom- and berry-rich lands of the Yegoryevsky district, where the share of large industrial enterprises is still insignificant, are not inferior to the leaders in terms of ecology.
Since the winds mainly blow from the west, most factories and factories were built in the south- and north-east of Moscow and the Moscow region. Therefore, the cleanest air is in the west and southwest of the region.
Is it worth buying a plot of land in a water protection zone?
Development of economic and gardening areas
If the area is neglected, you will first need to clean it. Deal with the weeds, put those trees that you decide to leave in order, cut down and uproot the rest. If the area is already well maintained, it is better not to rush and change it gradually.
In any case, the main thing is not to overestimate your capabilities. This is a very common mistake - to overly speed up the process of arranging a site. You won’t be able to do everything at once, so it’s better to move forward gradually. First of all, it is worth developing the economic zone: installing a central water supply system, drilling a well, making a sewer system.
It is also worth creating conditions for future construction: installing temporary housing, temporary warehouses, and so on. For all this, it is worth finding a convenient place in advance, located so that it is convenient to import materials and carry out construction.
Garden and vegetable garden areas can be developed after construction is completed, before, and during - it depends on the specifics of the plan. Often these zones are combined into a common garden zone. It is preferable to place the garden and berry garden in open areas. The garden should not be located in a lowland, because there are cold winds and too much water during the spring flood - this has a bad effect on most garden trees.
In order to successfully develop a gardening area, you need to map out the future placement of all the crops on its plan and think over their location, taking into account the required distances. When the plan diagram is ready, you can proceed to preparing the soil. From the places allocated for construction, its top layer must be removed and transported to where it is planned to make plantings. Then you should level the soil, if the area is virgin, plow it.
For further planning, it is best to submit a soil sample for laboratory analysis, but you can do without it. So, you can check its acidity with litmus paper or vinegar. Acidified soil will need to be deoxidized; for this, lime, dolomite flour, ash, gypsum, chalk and other means are used.
If the soil is clogged, it is worth provoking the proliferation of weeds in order to destroy as much as possible and clean it. Fertilizers should be added to depleted soil - manure, humus, and so on. All these activities take time, so it is better not to plant anything in the first year, otherwise you will then have to constantly fight weeds and other problems.
Infrastructure Features
The infrastructure of the village also greatly influences the quality of living in a country house. However, many buyers quite often forget to analyze this factor.
Of course, if the plot is purchased for the construction of a summer house and will be used for weekend trips, you can really forget about the development of the territory. You can buy everything in the city, load it into your car and bring it. In all other cases, it is important to carefully study the infrastructure of the village.
Security and fencing of the territory
It is extremely important that the village has stable 24-hour security. Without it, there is a high risk that your home could be robbed. In terms of protection, cottage communities benefit, followed by plots in SNT (in descending order).
A competent security system should consist of the following:
- guarded entrances, checkpoints;
- fenced common area;
- the presence of barriers with a lock or card system at the entrance;
- CCTV;
- patrolling the streets of the village.
The listed items are available in business class cottage villages and are more expensive. If the buyer's goal is to live in his home permanently, in this regard, it is better to stop at them. After all, really valuable things can be stored in the house: expensive equipment, cars, jewelry, savings, etc.
If the house is intended for summer holidays, a lower level of security will be suitable. It is not necessary that the area be fenced with a solid fence (a mesh will suffice), but it is necessary that there are barriers at the entrances. SNT has just such a level of security. The barrier or gate is locked, which can only be opened by the owners of the plots.
The shops
The system of retail outlets is best developed in cottage villages. Some of them have supermarkets, hardware stores, pharmacies, and pet stores. It is even better if the land ownership is located on the territory of an urban village. In this case, the list of retail outlets will differ little from the freedom of choice that is provided in a large city.
In SNT and villages, to get even to a simple grocery store, you will have to cover a considerable distance - from 2 to 10 km. Moreover, you often have to walk along the roadway due to the lack of sidewalks.
Social institutions
Regardless of what purpose you are planning to purchase land for, it is important that there is at least a first aid station nearby. Ideally, a medical center or clinic. It is important that an ambulance can arrive from them in a maximum of 30-40 minutes. In this regard, the most advantageous areas are those located within a radius of 30 km from Moscow and those located near its large suburbs.
Kindergartens and schools will be required if you have children and are going to live in your own home all year round. The following proposals should be considered as a priority:
- the school and kindergarten are located directly on the territory of the cottage village;
- you can get to the educational institution by a special school bus that runs from the village;
- It is possible to take your child to school in a neighboring village by public transport, and the travel time should not be more than 20-30 minutes.
It is worth noting here that 30 km by car and 30 km by train are not the same thing. By car you can drive this way and spend half an hour or be stuck in traffic the whole time. You can always cover the same distance by train in just half an hour.
If there are no public transport stops nearby, as well as schools, this will sooner or later turn into a problem for families. Especially if both parents work and cannot take the child back and forth every day.
Fencing the site and creating a recreation area
The fence between areas should be no higher than 1.5 meters, mesh or lattice. This is necessary for good lighting, because a high solid fence can damage the vegetation of neighbors.
But sometimes solid fences don’t bother your neighbors, then you can reach an agreement with them and even consolidate the agreement reached in writing. In this case, there is nothing to fear, except perhaps a change of owners, because the next ones will no longer be obliged to fulfill this agreement. For the part of the fence facing the street, the requirements are different: the height can reach 2 meters, there are no requirements for transparency.
The construction of the fence is usually carried out after the work on connecting communications has been completed and large materials for the construction of structures have been delivered.
The recreation area should be tackled when everything else is already completed. How big it will be, what kind of structures and decor it will have, as well as other parameters are determined by the purpose of the site. It can serve as a place of permanent residence, a place of rest or a summer cottage - with each of these options the arrangement is carried out differently.
For example, when using the entire site as a recreation area, the lion's share of the area is allocated to this zone; massive objects, such as an alpine slide or a pond, can be placed on it. If this is a summer cottage, most often its area is small and everything is limited to a flower garden, a place for preparing barbecue, or a gazebo.
When all the zones are equipped, all that remains is to lay working paths, and flower beds or shrubs along them. After this, the site can be considered equipped - in parallel with the listed activities, the construction of a house is usually carried out, so that after all the work is completed, you can finally relax and enjoy the result of the transformations carried out.
