Government agencies post directories with tens of gigabytes of information on the Internet. If you know where to look, you can legally collect data on apartments on an industrial scale.
Databases with indexes and city districts are also open. As a bonus, I will tell you how to find these parts of the address if they are missing.
All reference books in this article are free and openly available on the Internet. Not a single one was stolen from the FSB by mysterious hackers.
Is there housing?
When sending a letter or pizza to a client, it is useful to check if the apartment is available.
It’s a shame to give money for a letter that didn’t arrive or to waste a courier’s time. The Central Election Commission database is an easy-to-understand reference that can be used to check the existence of an apartment.
As planned, the CEC database is needed so that every citizen can recognize their polling station. For us, the main thing is that it contains addresses right down to apartments.
The online version of the CEC database is similar to Explorer in older versions of Windows
The database has a drawback: it only stores apartments where Russian citizens with voting rights are registered.
Another disadvantage is the spidering speed. The database is hosted on very slow servers, so it will take weeks to download data: a large city without a region takes 24 hours to load. In this case, you can launch a spider, come back the next day and see that the collection was interrupted due to changes in the structure of the base.
It seems that an ideal alternative is the FIAS state address register, which we wrote about in other articles. According to the documentation, it contains addresses to the apartment, and it is also available in .dbf. There is only one problem: the table with apartments in FIAS is almost empty: according to FIAS, there are about 70,000 apartments in Moscow. There are only slightly fewer residential buildings.
Much better than FIAS for checking an apartment is the data from the State Cadastral Valuation Fund. We will talk about this directory in the “Area” section.
No results were found for your request
Address data. Technical error The owner must submit the received materials to the MFC, and from there the materials are transferred to the registration authority and changes are made to the extract.
It is noteworthy that in this case the woman had a certificate of ownership, the legal validity of which no one questioned. But many Russians who purchased real estate after 2021 do not have such a document, since it is no longer issued. Now confirmation of the right is the contract or the same extract, which may be in error.
Postcode
The addressee's index must be checked before any shipment, otherwise the parcel may go to the wrong place.
The deputy director of the Tyumen branch of the Post laments: “Almost 30% <...> of items, which is about 6 million units, arrive with the wrong index, and we either return the correspondence, or it goes to another address...”. You can find or check the index in the Russian Post database, it is posted on the page https://vinfo.russianpost.ru/database/ops.html in .dbf format. Data is updated twice a month.
In the Post Office database there is no proximity to a street or house, only a locality and a list of indexes. This is enough for us: if the zip code to the locality is correct, sending it to the right branch will delay delivery by only 2-3 days.
For example, the client left the address “683000, Nizhny Novgorod, st...”. The Postal database says that there is no such index in Nizhny, and branches 683xxx are located in Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky. The client made a mistake in the numbers rather than in the name of the city, so a good solution is to download the Nizhny Novgorod codes from the Post Office database and substitute the minimum 603000 for the address. This way, the parcel will arrive in the desired city without traveling around the country for months.
Envek has already written about how to connect the Russian Post index database; you will find details in his article.
A district of the city
Realtors need areas to group apartments for sale and rent.
It is convenient to link the cost of delivery within the city to the region. The city area is rarely indicated in the address: it didn’t take root. At the same time, knowing in which area the house is located is sometimes useful.
It is convenient to search for a district by address in the Central Election Commission database, which we discussed in the first section. It has houses and apartments, so you will get an accurate result. The problems also haven’t gone away: there aren’t enough apartments and houses in the database, and spidering takes weeks.
A quick solution for searching for a district is OKATO (All-Russian Classifier of Objects of Administrative-Territorial Division). This colossal document describes the structure of the administrative division of Russia from the subject of the federation to the street. There are no houses in the directory.
OKATO is available as a ready-made database on the website of the Federal Tax Service State Research Center. For those who like to spider, there is also a text option in ConsultantPlus. The structure of the directory is also described in detail there.
Thus, starting with the regions of the Altai Territory, OKATO describes the entire structure of administrative subordination of the country
Parsing the directory will provide a database of intracity districts with subordinate streets.
The disadvantage of OKATO is that the request cannot be clarified at home. If the street spreads over several areas, you won’t get a clear result. In such cases, the CEC base will work better.
FIAS, the main address directory of the country, is not at all suitable for our purposes: the districts there were not filled out even for Moscow.
How to find out the house code using the memory code?
To find out the cadastral number of a premises located on a land plot, you can use the Public Cadastral Map of Russia.
- In the search bar you need to enter the cadastral number of the land plot. It will be highlighted in green on the map.
- Then you need to click on the icon of the object that is located on the specified plot of land.
- The cadastral number and detailed characteristics of the building will appear in the information field, and the object itself will be highlighted on the map. If, after clicking the mouse, an object on a land plot is not highlighted, then a cadastral number has not yet been assigned to this object.
Thanks to organized cadastral registration, everyone has the opportunity to obtain detailed information on the object of interest. During the initial assessment of the property, it is enough to use a free service to assess what status the land plot has and whether it can be used for its intended purpose. If it comes to a transaction, then an official statement should be issued in order to reduce possible risks to a minimum.
Square
They calculate the price of an apartment by area and filter offers in the realtor database.
The area of housing is in the open data of the State Cadastral Valuation Fund. In addition to the area, there is a lot of interesting information in the cadastral valuation database: according to the rules, any building and premises in Russia must be assessed by cadastral value, materials, number of storeys, etc. Also, cadastral valuation data is used to check the existence of an apartment.
Cadastral valuation databases are downloaded from the Rosreestr website.
We are interested in the item “Reports on determination of cadastral value”
The reports are divided by region and will have to be downloaded separately. There are multiple reports available for each region.
Apartment areas are stored in a report with premises, structures, unfinished construction objects and buildings
Most of the reports date from 2011-2014, but the state does not have any other data for us. Thanks for that too.
Downloading reports is a separate “pleasure”: the archive with files on the Republic of Mari El “weighs” only 1.5 gigabytes, but it took five hours to download from the Rosreestr website.
Inside the Rosreestr archive there are hundreds of xml files with the parameters of apartments and houses: areas, cadastral numbers, KLADR identifiers, OKATO codes, materials from which houses are built
Parsing a cadastral report is a special topic that deserves a long article. Someday we will write it, but for now - a description of the XML report scheme on the Rosreestr website.
Is it possible to check for free?
The applicant will have to pay for an extract on paper from the Unified State Register or its electronic version with a digital signature, which will contain current and reliable data about the object. The cost of a paper document will be 750 rubles, an electronic one – 600 rubles, if the request comes from an individual.
For legal entities, the certificate will cost more – 2,200 rubles and 600 rubles, respectively. If there is a need to obtain information regarding title documents, then a paper certificate will cost 600 rubles for an individual and 1,700 rubles for a legal entity.
Attention! The use of the Public Cadastral Map is available without payment, but the data provided by the service is for informational purposes only, that is, it has no legal force.
approximate cost
Banks use housing prices to assess the wealth of borrowers.
When there is an area, only the price per square meter is not enough to calculate the cost of housing. The price per square meter in a house is looked for on ad sites: irr.ru, avito.ru, cian.ru. The ad is suitable if it contains the address of the house, price and area.
There is no recipe for quickly accumulating a database: ads need to be collected regularly and the longer, the better. This is the only way to achieve any good coverage of addresses. True, even in a few years there will be white spots in small cities, towns, and villages.
In order to regularly receive advertisements, it is better to reach an agreement with the site: write to the owners and offer cooperation.
If the platform fails, all that remains is to spider. You need to be mentally prepared for the fact that ad sites are constantly changing their layout and the spider will have to be rewritten before each launch.
— find out the owner of the land plot from the tax office or Administration
It happens that in the extract from the Unified State Register of Real Estate “The information necessary to fill out section 2 (copyright holder) is missing.” This is due to the fact that the land plot either belongs to the state or to the owner who registered ownership before the Land Code of the Russian Federation came into force in 2001. In this case, you will have to look for the owner of the land plot through a written application to the tax office or to the Administration on whose territory the land plot is located.
The disadvantages of this method are that you have to go to the tax office and personally contact the inspector. It will depend on your persuasiveness whether you receive information about the owner from the Register of Taxpayers or not. In any case, you already understand where to look for the owner of a land plot for free - you need someone who pays taxes for the land.
What you can't find out legally
Some data can only be obtained by breaking the law.
Usually, sellers of illegal information simply lie, offering a set of unrelated tables under the guise of a secret Ministry of Internal Affairs database. The following are not and cannot be publicly available:
- a list of people registered in an apartment or house;
- passport details of residents;
- home phone numbers.
The maximum that you can find out about the phone: check the correspondence of the number to the locality according to the numbering plan (available on the official website of Rossvyaz in .csv).
Creating an apartment plan
To start using this online service, just go to its main page and click the “Start Roomle” button. After this, you need to register and then confirm your registration by clicking on the link in the letter received in your mailbox. (Have you forgotten about such a cool thing as a temporary mailbox?). floor plan editor itself .
- put a drawing or other drawing on the background (as a background)
- drawing and editing the location of walls is very simple and convenient
- set the length and thickness of the walls
- Place openings, windows and doors in the right places
- insert a wide variety of furniture and interior items (16 different categories are available to choose from: from sofas and wardrobes to trash cans)
- assign colored fills and materials to objects (tiles, parquet, linoleum, etc.)
Open Source Issues
In each paragraph about each reference book I wrote “there is a problem”, “this is still a pleasure”, “you need to double-check”.
All this is because the official state registers are compiled crookedly. For example, this is how our developer assessed the cadastral valuation base for the Krasnodar Territory: “The apartment number is not in the apartments field, but in the name field. In the city field there are many rural districts that are not parsed (about 40%). Of the 55,885 houses with apartments, 25,483 were included in the final sample.”
Bringing even FIAS, the Central Electoral Commission database, or a cadastral valuation report to production form is a task for a person with free time and strong nerves. We ate kilograms of this salty porridge when we made Dadatu. To avoid struggling with crooked reference books, try our API.
One request to the Dadata API costs 10 kopecks, but we have already gone through seven rounds of parsing directories and are monitoring everything that the state puts into the public domain
