The main thing is that the foundation “sits”
The first option is to preserve the existing foundation on which new housing will be built. To do this, you need to invite specialists who will conduct a technical examination of the foundation, the quality and properties of the soil at the base. This procedure is necessary to understand the suitability of the future home for the expected load.
Experts note that a professionally made monolithic reinforced concrete foundation is universal, on which almost any new structure can be erected. True, there is one “but”. If the house was built before the perestroika years, then the chances of the foundation being healthy will be negligible. The fact is that until the 90s of the last century, no one made the foundation for a house using current technologies. Which is quite understandable: they simply did not exist at that point in time. High-quality concrete at that time was in dire shortage, and technology was underdeveloped.
Important! The fact is that almost all land plots and residential buildings purchased before the restructuring period (during the USSR) never had registration. According to the law, it is possible to build new housing on an old foundation only if the land is officially registered as ownership.
“Nevertheless, the old foundation has its advantages,” notes Alexey Petrenko, director of the Omsk construction company. – Based on housing that has stood for at least half a century, one can absolutely understand how many more years a newly built home will stand. But it is necessary to check the documents for the land, even if the development plan will not change during the construction of a new building.
Only a specialist will determine the condition and “diseases” of the old foundation and give an assessment of how long and what kind of building will still stand on it Source remstroyexpert.by
See also: Catalog of companies that specialize in the construction of turnkey country houses.
What types of dismantling are there?
As already noted, there are two types of dismantling:
- Full . This is when, for example, a house or building needs to be demolished entirely;
- Partial . That is, parts of buildings or structures are subject to dismantling and replacement: spans and supports of bridges, overpasses, hangars, buildings or their elements (foundations, supports, floor elements, walls, window or door openings, communication systems, etc.).
Thanks to well-established technology and strict compliance with all safety requirements, partial dismantling today can be carried out for both load-bearing and non-load-bearing structures of buildings.
However, it is not enough to simply destroy a building; it is important to do it carefully, without disturbing the structure of neighboring buildings and structures, and without leaving unnecessary structures that would interfere with new construction.
In addition, it is also important to do everything cleanly - all construction waste must not only be removed, but also disposed of. So, for example, concrete structures, when dismantling buildings, are crushed by special dismantling excavators with a crusher, and this is done in such a way that the resulting concrete fractions are suitable for recycling.
Demolish, cannot be reconstructed
If we look at the demolition situation, this procedure also requires special permission. Its issuance depends on the characteristics of existing communications on the site and the claims of utility services to reconnect them.
An example from life : “To demolish my mother’s old house after her death, we had to remove the building from the cadastral register,” shared Varvara Urina, a resident of the Krasnoyarsk region . “Then the house was demolished and we went to BTI specialists so that they could inspect the property and draw up an appropriate report. Based on this document, the record of the existence of the house was canceled. The next stage was a visit to Rosreestr, where the official “death” of our old housing was also recorded.
Who does the demolition and dismantling?
Today, rarely anyone deals with the demolition of houses on their own. Still, for such work you need to have the appropriate experience, permits, sophisticated technology and equipment. Contrary to other popular belief, developers themselves do not dismantle buildings and structures. As a rule, for this they hire specialized companies with the appropriate equipment, staff and permission to perform such work.
As you can easily see, high-quality dismantling of buildings is not at all the same thing as breaking a dilapidated house into a heap with an excavator; it is quite complex and painstaking work, for which the contractor requires licenses, self-regulatory organizations, permits, approvals, a large arsenal of construction equipment and practical experience in carrying out such work.
An important factor is compliance with all safety requirements. That is why you should not do it yourself, but should turn to professionals in this field.
It's not worth the risk
So, the building permit has been received. Now the new owner must have time to transfer complete information about the future building to the administration that issued the document within ten working days. Namely: area of the house, height of the building, number of floors. Also, representatives of the federal body will request data on utility networks and a copy of the land map, which indicates the location of the future house. This permit is valid for the next ten years.
An example from life : “We bought a plot outside the city measuring fifteen acres,” shared Olga Voronovskaya, a resident of the Pskov region . “On the territory of this plot there was a one-story ruined house without windows, a roof or even doors. We thought we would have to pay some fines to demolish this old “piece of wood”, but in reality we didn’t have to spend any money on it.
It turned out that if such housing is not registered in the cadastral register, it can be safely demolished without special permission. All that was needed was deregistration and registration of a technical passport for the construction of a new one.
When purchasing a plot with an old building, it is recommended to make sure that the housing is not registered in the cadastral register and deregister it if it is registered Source zen.yandex.ru
- In order to reduce time, finances and simplify the registration procedure, owners often demolish old buildings under the guise of major repairs or reconstruction,” notes Aleftina Chernenko, legal consultant. – In principle, this can be done, but only if the demolition under the pretext of major repairs does not affect the vital “organs” of the object. Then a building permit is not required before the construction of the house, and then for putting the housing into operation.
Attention! In addition to demolishing the building itself, it is necessary to level it to the ground - and, in the literal sense of the word, the basement part of the foundation. Otherwise, it will be necessary to dismantle the underground part of the structure, and this is an expensive proposition. In particular, it will be necessary to drill out piles and dig out the old foundation pit to get rid of previously poured concrete.
Real life example : The Orlov family from the Penza region bought a plot of land with land surveying and a cadastral number. There was already a large, comfortable cottage on the site with all modern communications. However, the corresponding documents on deregistration of the previous building from the former owners were not available.
The new homeowners managed to legitimize the construction by deregistering the old, destroyed house and retroactively obtaining permission from the local administration to build a new one. But this was a series of luck, as they say, and they could have refused. So all documents must be checked before concluding a transaction; they can be lost, damaged, and so on.
What documents are required to demolish an old house?
Planning for demolition (dismantling), as well as construction and reconstruction of permanent structures, is of a notification nature. To do this, the owner of the plot and house submits the following documents to the local administration through the MFC:
- a statement in the established form, which indicates that the object is planned to be dismantled for the purpose of building a new house on the same site;
- passport of the owner of the land plot and the building planned for demolition;
- documents confirming ownership of the specified real estate;
- land plan.
Based on the submitted documents, the administration considers the possibility of liquidating the structure and, if the decision is positive, issues a permit.
Is it possible to save money during dismantling?
Yes it is possible. Firstly, it is better to contact specialized companies. They have a staff and own all the necessary equipment. This way you will save not only time, but also money: you will not have to rent equipment and machinery, pay for downtime - everything will be spelled out in the contract, plus it will be quite possible to negotiate discounts.
Secondly, during demolition and dismantling work, a lot of construction waste is always generated, which can be reused, for example, concrete blocks, various floors, bricks, metal structures, etc. Such materials can be handed over or sold, especially metal, thus partially reducing your dismantling costs.
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How much can demolition and dismantling of a building cost?
The cost of dismantling directly depends on the location, area, condition of the structure, design features of the constructed facility and the nature of the work:
- So, for example, mechanized dismantling of a building within the city limits, on average, costs 150-200 rubles per 1 cubic meter. If the building is located outside the city, an extra charge is added for each kilometer (accounting for the delivery of special equipment);
- Dismantling indoor structures will cost, on average, 620-650 rubles per 1 sq. m. m.;
- Dismantling the roof and roofing structures can be done for 650-700 rubles. for 1 sq. m.;
- Dismantling the foundation will cost at least 780-800 rubles. for 1 m3;
- Dismantling the floors will cost from 1100 rubles per 1 m2.
In addition, when demolishing a building, you also need to take into account the costs of developing a plan/project for dismantling work (on average 45-75 thousand rubles), as well as the removal of construction waste and its disposal. On average, such a service will cost 310-350 rubles per 1 cubic meter.
The process itself can be carried out by a directed explosion, or by electro-hydraulic and thermal methods, using lifting and impact mechanisms, cables or diamond cutting.
Features of dismantling buildings
Demolition of private houses is a serious matter. Dismantling work must be carried out by specialists with extensive experience.
You cannot try to demolish a building on your own; this can be dangerous not only for the person carrying out the demolition, but also for surrounding citizens.
Before starting demolition, a team of specialists must conduct a detailed analysis of the building, select the equipment needed for the job and choose a dismantling method, taking into account the following factors:
- Wall thickness;
- House floor materials (wood, brick, concrete, reinforcement);
- Number of floors of the premises;
- Property location.
A wooden house, for example, is much easier to demolish than a brick one . Dismantling of wooden houses is often carried out by manual demolition, gradually starting from the roof using ordinary sawing of logs.
To demolish brick houses you will need an excavator. To demolish the foundation you will need diamond cutting.
Demolition of a brick house, subject to the rules for dismantling buildings, takes about 2-3 hours.
However, demolishing the house is only half the battle . The second half and more difficult work in this case is the dismantling and disposal of construction waste. It is impossible to demolish a house and leave behind piles of concrete and dust; this is dangerous for others.
How is construction waste disposed of?
Many people ignore the legal requirement for mandatory dismantling of construction waste because this action is very expensive.
It must be taken into account that waste disposal is the responsibility of the customer. Moreover, citizens are subject to special legislative standards for waste removal. They are equal to 7 cubic meters of waste per month.
To be able to remove more waste, you will need to obtain permission from the Ministry of Natural Resources.
Waste disposal includes several important steps:
- Preparing equipment and coordinating its arrival;
- Filling out accompanying documents;
- Sorting waste according to hazard classes;
- Search for places to receive recyclable materials;
- Search for a landfill for waste disposal.
In order not to directly deal with all these manipulations with construction waste, citizens delegate this responsibility to construction or installation companies for an additional fee.
Demolition for the needs of the city
Sometimes the demolition of a house becomes not the right of the citizen-owner, but his responsibility, which is assigned to him on the basis of an order issued by the municipality.
When the initiative to demolish a house comes from the administration, its head is also obliged to obtain official permission for demolition, which will indicate why and why it is planned to dismantle it.
All documents that will be collected to prove the need to demolish the house must be sent to the Federal Office of Architecture.
The following are recognized as mandatory documents:
- Development standards;
- Minutes of the commission meeting;
- Design and estimate documentation.
After approval of the protocol on the demolition of a house, the administration is obliged to notify in writing all citizens living in the house that will be demolished.
Moreover, citizens need to be notified three times . After this, the administration makes a special decision, which is approved by the commission for demolition of the house, which takes upon itself the resolution of all issues related to the dismantling of the building.
Citizens who live in houses being demolished must receive a third demolition notice no later than one year before the start of construction work. The administration is obliged to provide other housing or monetary compensation in exchange for the demolished housing.
When it comes to the demolition of private houses, the administration’s settlements with citizens must also take into account the land plots that the latter owned by right of ownership.
If citizens are not satisfied with what will be given to them in return, they can ask for another housing or another piece of land.
Demolition of a private house is a normal end to the service life of the premises . The owner of the house has every right to demolish it based on personal beliefs and interests.
The administration can force the owner to demolish the house based on reasonable orders and decisions. One way or another, when dismantling the premises you will need to obtain a special permit.
What does the price depend on?
The cost consists of the list of work performed on preparation, demolition and garbage removal. Average prices for analysis are approximately 1200-1300 rubles per square meter. On our website we have published a list and prices for common types of dismantling work.
Our specialists will advise you on the procedure by telephone. Leave a request at the top of the site and we will call you back. We can give valuable advice, solve your problem or provide a service. All consultations are free and will not take much time.
How is a demolished building processed?
After the house is demolished, you need to contact the technical inventory authority. Its specialists will come to the site and draw up a house inspection report, as a result of which they will cancel the existing entry about the house in the register.
How to prepare documents after this? Next, the owner is required to submit an application to Rosreestr to make a record of the liquidation of the construction project.
Along with the application, the owner must provide:
- Technical passport with a note about the cancellation of the house made in the BTI;
- The act of putting the house into operation, located in the architectural bureau.
When a construction project is not registered with the BTI, and a citizen’s ownership of it is not registered, demolition will occur without any legal action.
Methods for dismantling old structures
There are 4 main methods of dismantling and demolishing old houses and buildings:
- Explosive . It is made using point explosions. In terms of speed, this is the fastest method, but also the most difficult to control. In addition, there are restrictions on carrying out such work, since demolition of buildings by explosion produces a lot of noise, it is not applicable everywhere (in dense buildings, it creates a lot of dust for neighboring areas) and, of course, it is quite unsafe;
- Mechanized is the most common method. As a rule, it is ordered for the dismantling of large buildings and structures. It is named so because it is performed using specialized construction equipment. These are excavators, hydraulic shears, hydraulic hammers, cranes, lifting mechanisms, drilling machines, wall cutters, jackhammers, etc.;
- The semi-mechanized method is used in dense urban areas. In this case, buildings are demolished not only with the help of special construction equipment, but also with manual labor. Often this method is used when it is necessary to completely or partially reconstruct a building, when the task is to at least partially preserve the appearance of the building, its load-bearing structures and meet specified standards;
- Manual method . It is used when performing dismantling work inside buildings and premises, as well as in the presence of restrictions on compliance with noise, environmental, and sanitary safety standards.
The legislative framework
This issue is regulated, firstly, by the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, Article 260 of which talks about the rights of the landowner.
Secondly, this is the Land Code. In particular, Article 40 of Part Two gives each legal owner of land the right to build on it, in accordance with the intended purpose of the site and the permitted use.
The third regulatory legal act is the Town Planning Code of the Russian Federation, which contains the procedure for obtaining permission, norms and rules for construction and demolition.
