An interactive map has appeared with plans to replace elevators

Elevator equipment is a mandatory element of any modern high-rise building. It is used in residential buildings, offices, shopping centers, public and other facilities. The design of a modern elevator provides the ability to quickly, comfortably and safely lift and lower passengers and cargo to the desired floor of the building. Building owners, representatives of management companies, service personnel and just passengers need to have at least a general idea of ​​how the elevator in a high-rise building works and how it works.

A mandatory component of the engineering equipment of any multi-storey building is elevator equipment. It is used in residential high-rise buildings, hotels, public and office buildings, commercial and other buildings. The main requirement for a modern elevator is to ensure rapid transportation of passengers and cargo while complying with safety standards and ensuring comfort. Not only specialists need to understand how an elevator works in a high-rise building and know the principle of its operation. At a basic level, this knowledge is necessary for both building owners and passengers themselves.

Criteria for determining the condition of an elevator structure

The main criteria for the condition of the structure when inspecting an elevator are as follows:

• serviceability of such elements as: winch, elevator doors, control system, lighting and alarm, communication with the dispatcher;
• mine fencing must comply with the requirements of PUBEL;
• the mechanisms for unlocking mine doors using an emergency key are checked.

What is the service life of an elevator in residential buildings?

The maximum service life of elevator structures is considered to be 25 years. Determining the possible service life of an elevator consists of the following indicators:

• requirements determined by GOST: the elevator cabin can be used for 25 years, mechanism parts up to 12 years and 6 months;
• data provided by the manufacturer;
• existing breakdowns (after they are eliminated, repeated testing is carried out);
• the degree of activity of using the lift.

The higher the level of maintenance of elevator equipment, the longer the structure can be used.

Elevator design

Modern buildings can use different types of lifting devices. At the same time, the overall design of the elevator does not fundamentally change. It includes the following nodes and elements:

• cabin (in the case of a cargo model - platform);
• a counterweight necessary to balance the cabin;
• high-strength steel cables;
• rotating pulley system;
• drive and control equipment;
• profile guides along which the cabin moves;
• safety system.

The cabin is suspended on steel ropes thrown over pulleys. A counterweight is suspended from opposite ends of the ropes. The required number of cables and pulleys used is calculated depending on the weight of the cabin and balancing weights, the lifting capacity of the elevator equipment and other factors. The drive mechanism (usually an electric motor) rotates the pulleys when commanded by the control system. As a result, the elevator car is lowered or raised, depending on the direction of rotation of the pulley system. In this case, the counterweight moves in the opposite direction.

The use of a counterweight can significantly reduce the power of the electric motor, since most of the work of raising or lowering the elevator is done due to gravity. Movement is carried out along vertical guides made of high-strength steel profiles. This eliminates the cabin from rocking and moving when raising or lowering - it moves strictly vertically.

A machine room is equipped in the building to accommodate the drive mechanism and control system. The drive is based on an asynchronous electric motor. Rotation is transmitted to the pulleys at a given frequency through a transmission mechanism. The control equipment is located in the installation cabinet. Connection between the control system and the panel installed in the cabin is ensured using a flexible cable. The controls are also located on the duty operator's console.

Elevator maintenance and repair

Maintenance and repair of the elevator, from the financial side, is the responsibility of the residents.

At whose expense is the repair carried out?

Maintenance, repair work and inspections of lift structures are paid for by residents. Residents of apartments located on the ground floor are not exempt from paying fees because they are co-owners.

Responsibilities of the management company for elevator maintenance

Lift maintenance includes the following work:

• 24-hour provision of safe operation of the lift that meets the standards;
• elimination of faults that may interfere with the operation of the elevator;
• routine inspections of structures in order to detect lift defects;
• preparation of documents for decommissioning of the structure;
• emergency repair of breakdowns.

All these points must be fully provided.

Where to complain about poor-quality repairs?

If you detect any malfunctions or unusual sounds, you should contact your management company or HOA. Another option is a written application from the residents, which must be submitted to the office of the management organization.

If the management company delays repairs or ignores messages from residents, you should report this to the housing inspection and district government. The complaint can be submitted using the electronic reception desk or submitted to the district inspector. After the complaint is considered, the management company will be obliged to eliminate the problems.

You should know that the management organization is responsible for all lift maintenance services, including the proper appearance of the cabin.

The Housing Inspectorate monitors the maintenance of common building property, including compliance with mandatory requirements for the maintenance of elevators in apartment buildings. In particular, the work of the dispatch service and contracts with organizations that provide maintenance of elevator structures are subject to verification.

Types of elevators

Based on their functions and purpose, elevators currently in use are divided into three main categories:

• passenger;
• cargo;
• cargo-passenger.

The type of elevator determines its technical parameters and design features. Thus, the carrying capacity of cargo models is significantly higher than that of passenger models. They are equipped with at least 2 pulleys and a more powerful motor.

Elevators can be equipped with an electric or hydraulic drive. Electric drive is more common. Today, improved designs of drive mechanisms with compact electric motors are often used. Such motors are mounted directly in the upper part of the shaft on a special power frame or mounted on guides. This makes the design more compact and eliminates the need for an engine room, which simplifies and reduces the cost of installation.

In buildings where increased capacity is required, the Twin elevator system can be used. It ensures independent movement of two cabins along common guides in one shaft. Each elevator car is equipped with a separate electric drive, pulley and counterweight system. These systems are not used in residential high-rises. They are used in buildings where there are two or more main floors for boarding passengers, for example, the first floor, parking, etc. The Twin system can also be used in shopping malls, business centers, and other buildings that are characterized by increased elevator traffic .

The hydraulically driven elevator has a special design. The movement of the cabin in it is carried out as a result of the translational movement of the hydraulic cylinder rod. Such a system does not require the use of counterweights. Operation of an elevator with this type of drive is allowed at a height of no more than 20 meters. The hydraulic drive consumes a significant amount of oil. Its advantages include its relatively low weight, which reduces the load on the building. The design is versatile and allows you to install elevators without shaft equipment, use cabins of different cross-sectional shapes, with the possibility of installing exits on adjacent sides of the elevator. An important advantage of the hydraulic drive design is the need to consume energy only during lifting. This makes operating the elevator more economical.

How to replace an elevator in a house?

In order for the decision to replace to be made, the consent of at least 2/3 of the apartment owners is required.

The elevator can be replaced in several ways:

1. On your own: the financial costs of replacing the lift yourself are paid by the apartment owners. To reduce costs, you can resort to the services of an installation company that will provide installments for up to six months. The management organization of the building is looking for an organization involved in servicing elevators.
2. Participate in the federal capital improvement program: the program offers cost sharing between apartment owners and the state. To include a house in the program, you need to collect documents and submit them to the commission. When considering an appeal, the commission takes into account the degree of deterioration of the structure, the service life, the condition of the entire building and the amount that residents are able to contribute for replacement.

Step-by-step instruction

Procedure for replacing an elevator:

1. Request an opinion from the management company. The management company’s conclusion is issued after inspecting the lifting structure; the danger of its further operation must be confirmed.
2. Gather homeowners. Residents should decide to replace the lifting structure earlier than planned. The decision is documented in the form of a protocol.
3. Contact the city hall. After obtaining the consent of the residents of the house, you should submit documents (the conclusion of the management company and the minutes of the decision of the meeting of owners) to the local government authorities to postpone the replacement to an earlier date.
4. Fundraising. It is possible to replace a structure earlier than the established date when the house has the necessary accumulated amount. Savings are collected through contributions for major repairs.

What is the difference between replacement and upgrade?

Modernization is the replacement of old components and parts with new ones in order to ensure the safety of the structure and extend its service life.

Modernization is divided into several types:

• comprehensive modernization (all elements except metal structures must be replaced);
• partial modernization (individual components are replaced on the recommendation of a specialist).

The replacement includes both sequential replacement of all elements, as well as adjustment and inspection of technical condition. The work is accepted by representatives of the management organization. The lift is replaced within one month.

Required documents

To begin the process of replacing the structure, you need the following package of documents:

• a document containing information about the management of an apartment building;
• technical passport of the house;
• information on the number and area of ​​non-residential premises;
• inspection report of the lift with a description of its technical condition;
• conclusion of the authorized body, which confirms the need for replacement;
• replacement project and estimate.

Ensuring elevator safety

The design of the operating lifting equipment must ensure its operation in unconditional compliance with safety standards. Therefore, during design, manufacture and installation, all risks that may arise during operation must be taken into account.

Considerable attention is paid to fire safety. This is due to the fact that passengers are in a confined space of small volume, which they cannot quickly leave. Therefore, the cabin itself and its enclosing elements must be made of materials that do not support combustion and do not emit toxins when heated. Elevators must be equipped with fire-resistant doors.

Modern elevator models are equipped with special devices that, when the power supply in the building is turned off, automatically moves the cabin to the floor closest to the emergency stop and opens the doors. This allows passengers to be quickly evacuated.

In addition, the design must provide protection against the following types of threats:

• clamping a person when closing automatic elevator doors;
• interfloor blocking of the elevator cabin;
• cabin fall;
• people falling into the mine through accidentally opened doors.

An emergency fall of the elevator car is prevented by special devices - catchers. They provide a smooth stop when the cabin speed exceeds the limit value. Shock absorbers are used to protect against impact. In the event of an interfloor stop, special equipment securely fixes the cabin and opens the doors. This allows passengers to exit the elevator safely. In addition, the personnel who service the elevator facilities are obliged to take measures to free people in such cases. The cabin dimensions are designed in such a way that it cannot accommodate more people than can be transported according to the load capacity restrictions. In addition, in case of overload, the start of the elevator is blocked.

To prevent people from being pinched by doors, automatic control of their opening and closing is provided using infrared sensors. If there is a person in the opening, they block the doors from closing. In addition, special devices do not allow the doors to open if the elevator car is not supplied to the floor.

Paying for an elevator in an apartment building

This amount depends on several factors.

How are elevator maintenance rates set?

Apartment owners must draw up a list of services at a general meeting, agree on the conditions for the provision and implementation of these services and the amount of payment for the maintenance and repair of common property.

The payment amount is also affected by the method of managing the apartment building that the owners have chosen.

When choosing a management company, residents independently choose the amount of payment based on the organization’s proposals.

When choosing the HOA form, the amount of payment is determined by the governing bodies of the partnership or cooperative, based on the estimate of income and expenses.

How to force a request?

You can request repair work earlier than the established deadlines.

To do this you will need:

• hold a general meeting;
• collect a larger number of votes in favor of early work;
• record the voting result in the protocol;
• the finished protocol is transferred to regional authorities;
• if the accumulated funds are not enough, then residents should think about how to increase the budget.

Without an elevator, life will be quite difficult for most apartment owners. It is in their interests that the equipment is always in good condition. If the time has come to repair it, residents should not save money or delay the work.

GOST

Speed, capacity, and other characteristics of forklifts are regulated by standards in accordance with GOST 56943 2016 and GOST 22011 95, presented in the table below.

The dimensions of lifting equipment must comply with GOST 8823-2018. This GOST for freight elevators regulates the nominal load capacity and maximum usable area, prohibiting overloading of the lift.

Author of the article: LiftKomplekt

Living environment

City real estateNews and articlesBack Article.
02/15/2017 Print version Residential complex "Peremena" Do you know your neighbors by sight? I think no. The times when residents went to visit each other “to watch TV” have sunk into oblivion. At best, you nod at the sight of your neighbor.

Of course, good relations with neighbors depend largely on how many years you have lived in the house, as well as how many apartments are located on one floor.

Economy class

In economy class, this quantitative indicator often approaches a double-digit number, and then the inconveniences associated with this factor come to the surface. One of these inconveniences is the insufficient number of elevators

on house.

There is SNiP ( SNiP 31-01-2003

), developed in 2003, which establishes an acceptable number of elevators per number of floors. So, in a 9-story building there should be 1 elevator; in a building where 10-19 floors are built, the number of elevators should be two; 3 elevators are required for a 20-story building; and if the floor area of ​​the apartments is 450 m², then there should be 4 elevators.

Imagine a 24-story building with 10 apartments per floor and 4 elevators. In this case, there are 60 apartments per elevator. In the morning, waiting for the elevator can take up to 5-10 minutes.

According to the head of the sales department of the Otdelstroy ISK Nikolai Grazhdankin

, the apartment layout of economy-class houses, as a rule, consists of studios and small one-room apartments. Due to the small “cutting”, the number of apartments per floor increases, and in some projects reaches 18-20 units. Agree, this is more like a dormitory than a comfort-class home, as these developers claim in their advertisements.

Comfort class

A small number of apartments per floor (up to 8) is a prerequisite for buyers of a new comfort-class building. In “New Okkervil” there are on average 4-6 apartments per floor, emphasizes Nikolai Grazhdankin. This is one of the company's advantages that customers value. The number of elevators is determined by the height of the building and the number of apartments on the site. As a rule, 3-4 elevators are installed in Otdelstroy buildings.

“The number of apartments on the site, as a rule, depends on the class of the building. In the comfort class there is a maximum of 6-8 apartments per floor; a larger number can reduce the comfort of living. In business class - no more than 4-6 apartments, in luxury housing - up to 4. As a rule, clients are interested in this parameter.

They share the opinion that fewer neighbors in the stairwell create a more intimate and calm environment in the house, reduce the overall noise level, and in general make life more comfortable,” says Mikhail Gushchin, Marketing Director of RBI Holding (included)

.

Most often, the presence of a large number of studios negatively affects not only the apartment layout, but also the safety of the living environment

.

According to a report on a pilot study of the attractiveness of the projected infrastructure based on statistics from the Ministry of Internal Affairs (customer Lenstroytrest), studios are most often purchased for the purpose of renting out, which in some way reduces the prestige and value of housing, and also provokes the emergence of people with criminal tendencies.

Recently, consumers have become more literate and are increasingly interested in the number of studios in residential complexes, trying to protect themselves from unwanted neighbors.

How to correctly draw up technical specifications for approval of elevators and escalators

Installation of elevator and escalator equipment always poses increased danger. Therefore, the technical specification must clearly describe the actual state of the object and the initial data for design, and list the required types of work and approvals. To avoid problems with passing Rostechnadzor and other departments, use our services for drawing up technical specifications.

Get an estimate of the cost of this service using our price calculator - here

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conclusions

Elevators and escalators are used to lift goods and people to heights. They can be designed and installed in apartment buildings or any non-residential buildings if they have two or more floors. Since elevator and escalator equipment poses an increased danger during operation, installation and maintenance, their installation must be approved through Rostechnadzor. Construction work related to the redevelopment or reconstruction of a building for escalators and elevators also needs to be approved through state and municipal authorities.

The Cadastral Moscow company provides a full range of services related to the installation and approval of escalators and elevators. You can learn more about our services and work during a free consultation.

Get an estimate of the cost of this service using our price calculator - here

The following materials were used in preparing the article:

• Town Planning Code of the Russian Federation ();
• Housing Code of the Russian Federation ();
• Federal Law No. 384-FZ ();
• SP 54.13330.2016 for apartment buildings ();
• SP 118.13330.2012 for public buildings ();
• GOST R 53780-2010 with safety standards for elevators and their installation and maintenance work ();
• GOST R 55969-2014 for commissioning elevator equipment ().

What difficulties may arise when installing and coordinating elevators and escalators?

Difficulties in installing and coordinating escalators (elevators) may arise in the following cases:

• if the existing building does not have free space to accommodate platforms, shafts, and auxiliary equipment;
• if the actual condition and wear and tear of the building requires additional reinforcement, replacement or restoration of load-bearing structures;
• if an order has been issued to eliminate violations, which forces you to look for other options for reconstruction or redevelopment;
• if there is no technical and operational documentation for the building.

Our specialists know how to solve even the most complex problems when working with elevators and escalators.

The building can have both elevators and escalators