In Russian legislation there is no specific definition of such a concept as an identity card. The Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation “On approval of the Regulations on the passport of a citizen of the Russian Federation, a sample form and description of a passport of a citizen of the Russian Federation” No. 828 dated 07/08/1997, states that “the passport of a citizen of the Russian Federation is the main document identifying the citizen of the Russian Federation on the territory Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as passport)". This concerns the main identity document of Russian citizens.
In order to understand what documents prove the identity of a foreign citizen, it is necessary to look at the federal law “On the legal status of foreign citizens in the Russian Federation” No. 115-FZ of July 25, 2002. Based on this law, identification documents for foreigners will be a national passport or any other document that is recognized in Russia as an identity document of a foreigner on the basis of an international treaty with a foreign state. For stateless persons (stateless persons), such documents may be a temporary residence permit in Russia, a residence permit or any other document confirming their status as stateless persons and recognized as such in Russia.
What documents can act as identification?
In addition to all of the above, documents that can act as identification documents may include:
- military ID or military ID;
- temporary identity card;
- service ID of an employee of the prosecutor's office;
- seaman's passport;
- birth certificate for children under 14 years of age;
- diplomatic passport;
- international passport;
- resident card;
- temporary residence permit;
- national passport of a foreigner;
- national passport of a foreigner
Let's look at each identity document in more detail.
History of appearance
The interaction of a citizen with various organizations is inextricably linked with the need to provide documents confirming his identity. This rule is mandatory for all institutions, especially those where transactions are financial in nature.
The need to personify a person’s personality arose during Kievan Rus. True, in those days these were far from the documents that we are used to seeing today, and the degree of their authenticity was not protected in any way. For example, embroidery with certain ornaments on the belt was used to determine identity. More voluminous identification marks were located on family coats of arms and flags.
Initially, a passport, although at that time it did not yet have a similar name, was issued for crossing a maritime border or possession. If you study the literal translation, then from Italian it is translated as crossing the port, and from French - gate, door. The document was drawn up in the form of a letter and was issued to the owner by one of the representatives of the royal government.
Military ID or military ID
A serviceman's ID is the main document identifying military personnel during military service and discharge from it.
In Russia there are two types of military ID:
- a certificate issued to privates, sergeants, warrant officers, midshipmen, conscripts, military personnel who serve under contract, citizens unfit for military service;
- a certificate issued to reserve officers, military officers, graduates of military departments
A military ID is issued in the following cases:
- completion of compulsory military service;
- admission to a military educational institution;
- graduation from the military department;
- enrollment in the reserve due to health reasons;
- if a person is declared unfit for military service;
- end of conscription age
What are “primary documents”
Federal Law 402-FZ “On Accounting” describes all accounting and primary documents. They are needed mainly for tax purposes - as documents that confirm the expenses you have incurred and the correctness of determining the tax base.
Primary documents must be kept for five years after the year in which they were last used. During this time, the tax office may request them at any time to check you or your counterparties. “Primary” is also used in litigation in disputes with counterparties.
Formally, the organization can destroy the primary organization after five years. But according to the explanations of Rosarkhiv, primary records with an expired storage period can be destroyed only after they are checked by the tax and other regulatory authorities, as well as auditors (letter of Rosarkhiv dated March 26, 2020 No. 7/905). Primary accounting documents are compiled at the time of business transactions and testify to their completion. The list of documents accompanying a particular transaction may vary depending on the type of transaction. The preparation of all necessary primary documents is usually carried out by the supplier. Particular attention should be paid to those documents that arise during transactions where you are the buyer, because these are your expenses, and therefore you are more interested in complying with the letter of the law than your supplier.
Conclusion: primary documents are needed by the tax authorities to confirm income and expenses and correctly calculate tax. They must be stored for 5 years. The documents are prepared by the supplier; it is important to ensure that they are completed correctly.
Temporary certificate
A temporary identity card is issued if for some reason you do not have your main passport, for example, you have lost it or it is being processed. A temporary identity card is issued by the Main Directorate for Migration Issues of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia at the territorial office at the place of your registration or residence. It is done very quickly and for this you will need to bring one photo. A temporary identity card is issued for two months, and then it will need to be renewed if the need arises.
For those over 14 years old
The main document confirming identity on the territory of Russia is a passport of a citizen of the Russian Federation. It contains information:
- About the organization that issued it, with a mandatory mark in the form of a round seal and certification of the signature of an authorized person.
- About the citizen’s last name, first name and patronymic, date and place of birth.
- About the date of issue of the document, series and number. The owner of the document must affix his signature.
The third page of the passport has a special coating with a transparent film with an image of the Russian coat of arms and the letter symbol “RF”. The document is divided into sections: place of residence, attitude to military service, marital status, notes about children. They are filled out when changes are made, for example, when registering a marriage, birth of children, etc. All pages of the passport, except 2 and 3, have series perforation and numbers for the visually impaired.
You can receive a main identity card for a citizen of the Russian Federation no earlier than 14 years of age. Then it changes at 20 and then at 45 years old. Those who make a change in part of the last name, first name, patronymic, or if the passport is lost or the pages are damaged, are required to promptly replace the document. During his absence, you can obtain a temporary identity card in form 2-p. It contains personal information, including the date of birth of the passport holder, his registration number, data on a lost or previously replaced document, and the citizen’s place of registration. The form is protected by the official seal and signature of an authorized person, and has a limited validity period, which is indicated on the front side of the form. It is not allowed to use a notarized copy of the passport in place of the original.
Temporary residence permit
A temporary residence permit is the right and opportunity for foreigners to stay on the territory of Russia. This is the stage before obtaining a residence permit. Issued based on existing quotas at the time of issue. Issued for a maximum of three years without the right of extension. After this, you either need to obtain a residence permit, and for this you need to live in Russia for at least one year, or leave back from Russia. This document can also serve as an identity document for stateless persons.
Regulatory framework on the topic
Along with the indicated federal regulatory documents of the Russian Federation, certain aspects of identity and citizen identification are contained in other laws:
- Federal Law No. 67, approved on February 12, 2021, addresses issues of participation in referendums and general elections, and establishes documents that provide such rights;
- Federal Law No. 114 of August 15, 1996 - establishes a list of official papers required for entry/exit outside the country;
- Presidential Decree No. 1325 of November 14, 2002 - intended to resolve issues of citizenship and identity cards confirming this legal status;
- Order of the Ministry of Industry and Trade No. 524 of April 15, 2011 - confirms the seller’s right to demand documents in case of sale of alcohol, their list.
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Identity document of a foreign citizen
All foreign citizens staying in Russia must have a foreign passport of their country. This document will be the main document proving the identity of a foreigner in our country. However, citizens of some countries can travel within Russia using their internal national passports. These include citizens:
- The Republic of Belarus;
- Republic of Kazakhstan;
- Kyrgyz Republic;
- Republic of Tajikistan
In accordance with international agreements concluded between Russia and these countries, citizens of these countries do not have to obtain foreign passports.
Thus, the internal national passport is their main identification on the territory of Russia. In addition, in Russia, a diplomatic passport issued in accordance with an international treaty to a foreign citizen also serves as an identity document. Rate the quality of the article. We want to be better for you:
For children
As soon as the child is born, the parents draw up the first document in his life that proves his identity and relationship - a birth certificate. A special form is provided for it, which has its own registration serial number. The document reflects information about the child, the date and place of his birth, information about the parents (mother and father, their last name, first name, patronymic), if desired, the nationality, the authority that issued the certificate, date and registration number are written down. It is allowed to have on the reverse side of the document a translation of the text into the national language of the region where it is issued. In the list of documents proving the identity of a citizen of the Russian Federation, the certificate is at the same level in importance as the passport. Each family member must have his own document confirming his identity.
To obtain a certificate, you need a certificate from the maternity hospital confirming the fact of the birth of the child, an application, passports of both parents, a marriage certificate is presented if available. As a rule, specialists prepare the document on the day the applicant applies. This identification document of a citizen of the Russian Federation can be presented only until he receives an all-Russian passport. Based on it, the child is provided with medical services, registration at the place of residence, an application for admission to a preschool institution and primary school is accepted, etc.
Agreement
Describes the rights and obligations of the parties to the transaction. Typically, a contract contains the following sections:
- Subject of the agreement: what is the result of the transaction.
- Contract amount and payment procedure: when and how much to pay.
- Rights and obligations of the parties: how the work happens.
- Responsibility of the parties: what happens if you or your partner violate the deadlines.
- The procedure for changing and terminating a contract: how to terminate a contract or accept additional agreements to it.
- Details of the parties: what are your and your partner’s current accounts, INN, OGRN and addresses.
The agreement is usually drawn up in 2 copies and contains the signatures of each party.
If you use a standard contract form with clients and replace the necessary details in Word or Excel, use templates in Elba. Upload your agreement template, and Elba will automatically fill in the details of the counterparty from the directory.
Create a contract in Elba
For some transactions, a written contract is not necessary at all. For example, a purchase and sale agreement is considered concluded from the moment a cash receipt, sales receipt or other document is issued to the buyer, which confirms the fact of payment. This does not mean that during a retail purchase and sale it is impossible to conclude an agreement in writing - the law does not prohibit this.
Article: How people cheat in contracts
Templates of common agreements:
Service agreement template
Contract agreement template
Supply agreement template
Check
An optional document in which the seller indicates the price, quantity of goods and details for transferring payment.
You can come up with an invoice form for payment yourself or find a ready-made one on the Internet. An invoice can replace a contract if all essential terms of the transaction are included in it.
Invoice template
Elba has a ready-made invoice template. Select the counterparty, indicate the goods or services, their quantity, and the document is ready. Optionally add a signature, stamp and QR code.
The QR code will help customers make payment convenient and fast. The main thing is not to forget to issue a cash receipt; we’ll talk about this later.
Create an account in Elba
Results
Thus, to confirm the fact of service provision, an act of services rendered, a report from the contractor and correspondence with the customer will help.
To confirm payment for services, you will need an act of services rendered, receipts, cash receipts, cash order, cash book, bank documents, expense report, and accounting documents. You can find more complete information on the topic in ConsultantPlus. Free trial access to the system for 2 days.
