How to apply for an investment tax deduction and earn 52,000 rubles

To increase profitability, you can take advantage of additional benefits from the state. For example, open an individual investment account (IIA) and apply for a personal income tax deduction. You don’t need to constantly play on the stock exchange or understand stocks and economic terms.

We tell you how to get a tax deduction for IIS and how much you can earn.

• What is a tax deduction
• What is an individual investment account
• Where can I open an IIS?
• Types of tax deductions in IIS
• What limitations does the IIS have?
• Who can open an IIS
• How to get a tax deduction type "A"
• How to use tax deduction type “B”
• Briefly about how to get an investment tax deduction

What is a tax deduction

This is a popular form of government support for the population, but not in kind, but in a preferential form. You are allowed not to pay income tax for a specific time or not to transfer a certain amount to the budget in the form of tax, that is, to make a deduction.

You can also return the tax already paid by your employer - he withholds 13% of personal income tax every month from your income. That is, the state, as it were, allows you not to pay taxes for past periods. But since you have already paid personal income tax with the help of your employer, you can return the money to yourself.

To get a deduction, you apply to the tax office and the money is returned to you from the budget. The amount of the deduction may be limited by the state - for a certain item you cannot return more or use more than a certain amount for future payments.

It turns out there are two types of deductions:

1. Deduction for the future. For example, your salary is usually 100,000 rubles. per month - 87,000 rub. you receive it in your hands, and the employer withholds 13,000 from your salary as personal income tax. If you apply for a tax deduction for the next year, you can receive not only 87,000 salaries, but also 13,000 rubles. taxes that the employer would transfer to the budget.
2. Tax refund. For example, your salary is 50,000 rubles. The employer transferred 13% to the budget every month, that is, 6,500 per month or 78,000 per year. The maximum tax deduction from the amount of funds deposited into an IIS is 52,000 rubles. You can apply for a deduction and return 52,000 rubles. from taxes paid.

A tax deduction is not the government's money, but your taxes. Depending on the rules of a particular deduction, you may either not pay them in the future, or return those already paid.

Investment deduction is one of the types of tax deductions provided for individuals. You can get it only using a special financial instrument - IIS.

Who is eligible for the standard deduction?

Recipients of the deduction are individuals - tax residents of the Russian Federation who receive income subject to personal income tax at a rate of 13% (except for income in the form of dividends).

The standard deduction is easy to distinguish from other “non-standard” deductions.

It arises not because the taxpayer incurred some expenses and can return 13% of them (for example, as in the case of a property deduction when buying an apartment), but because the taxpayer belongs to a certain category of persons.

The following can receive a standard deduction:

1. Preferential categories of citizens. This type of deduction is often called a deduction “for yourself” (clauses 1-2, clause 1, article 218 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation).
2. Citizens with children. In everyday life - a deduction “for children” or a “children’s” deduction (clause 4, paragraph 1, article 218 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation).

By applying a deduction, the tax base for personal income tax is reduced, and if the tax was withheld excessively, it can be returned.

What is an individual investment account

This is a special account for trading on the stock exchange. IIS can only be opened by individuals, including those with the tax status of self-employed or individual entrepreneurs. Moreover, you can trade on your own or entrust this process to third-party organizations, so-called management companies. The entire process is regulated by Art. 10.2-1 of the Federal Law of April 22, 1996 No. 39-FZ.

Please note: IIS is not like a deposit in a bank. No one can guarantee 100% profitability. Even if you follow conservative strategies and buy shares of well-known companies with a long history, there is still a minimal risk of losing all your money.

Unlike deposits, the money in the account is not insured. The securities market is a high-risk investment. Please take this into account when planning this type of investment.

Types of tax deductions in IIS

There are two types of tax deductions for IIS.

Type "A"

You receive from the state a refund of personal income tax paid for funds deposited into the account, but not more than 52,000 rubles. annually. The first time such a deduction can be received is at the end of the year when you opened the account - that is, you can open an IIS at the end of December, and not the next year you will already receive 52,000 rubles from the budget.

There are restrictions:

• The deduction amount is not more than 52,000 rubles. in year. Accordingly, in order to receive this money, you must top up your account with at least 400,000 rubles. If you replenish less, the deduction amount is reduced proportionally - 13% of the replenishment.
• To receive a deduction, you must pay personal income tax. It doesn’t matter what kind of taxes they will be - under employment contracts, GPC agreements or for something else. The main thing is that it is personal income tax. For example, it will not be possible to return personal income tax if you pay tax only as a self-employed person - the type of tax is different.
• The amount of personal income tax paid should be enough to cover the amount of the deduction. Or you will receive as much as you paid in tax.

Example

You work under an employment contract, receive 1 million rubles per year, the employer transfers 130,000 rubles from them. Personal income tax. You replenish your IIS with 600,000 rubles.

You will receive a tax deduction, but it will be calculated not from 600,000 rubles, but from the maximum level - 400,000 rubles. That is, the next year after opening you will get 52,000 rubles back.

A similar example, only earnings are 350,000 rubles. in year. Personal income tax is transferred for you in the amount of 45,500 rubles. You deposited 600,000 rubles into IIS. You are entitled to 52,000 rubles. deduction, but you will receive only 45,500 - this is the amount that your employer transferred for you as personal income tax.

Type "B"

This is a type of deduction in which you exempt from tax all of your income earned from trading securities. By law, you must transfer 13% of your income to the budget. And you don’t have to pay this money.

Please note: the deduction applies only to tax on income from the resale of shares. The investor also needs to pay tax on dividends - these are payments to shareholders that some companies make. There is no deduction for this tax.

So-called deferred taxation has been introduced for IIS: you must pay tax after closing the account, even if several years have passed. Therefore, a type “B” deduction can be obtained only when the account is closed, that is, at the time the obligation to pay taxes arises.

There is one more limitation: the right not to pay tax will only appear if you have kept the account open for at least three years.

You can only use one type of deduction. There is no need to choose right away - this can be done three years after opening the IIS. That is, after three years you can either not pay tax on income from all resales, or choose type “A” and immediately receive 156,000 rubles, if all conditions are met and there is something to return.

Which type is better to choose

To determine the type of deduction, you need to evaluate the profitability of your investment. That is, consider what is more profitable - to withdraw the paid personal income tax, but pay tax on profits according to the IIS, or, conversely, not to touch the personal income tax, but gain the right not to pay 13% on income for trading in securities. It is usually more profitable to return personal income tax.

Here's what to consider when choosing:

• To deduct type “A” you must have paid personal income tax. Suitable if you have a “white” salary.
• If you want to get 52,000 rubles. deduction, then you need to deposit at least 400,000 rubles into your account annually. And you should also earn at least 400,000 per year.
• Type “B” is worth choosing if you do not have income for which personal income tax is paid, or it is very small.
• Or if you return the personal income tax paid for you through other deductions - for example, you receive a deduction for the purchase of an apartment or treatment.
• Type “B” is suitable if you plan to make money by reselling shares.

That is, the optimal strategy is this: if you do not plan to play on the stock exchange and your employer pays personal income tax for you, then it is better to choose type “A”. If you are sure that you can buy securities and then sell them at a much higher price, choose type “B”.

Peculiarities of using “children’s” standard deductions

Large families have the right to apply the deductions required by law, observing the order of birth of children. But there are also nuances.

Deduction for a disabled child:

• can be summed up with other child deductions , taking into account the order of appearance of the child.

For example, the deduction for the first disabled child of the 1st group, under the age of 18, for a parent will be 13,400 rubles (1,400 rubles 12,000 rubles).

• The 3rd disability group gives the right to receive a regular child deduction, taking into account the order of birth of the child.

For example, for the first child with disability group III, a deduction of 1,400 rubles is provided.

Both parents, adoptive parents or guardians receive the child deduction , as well as:

• the new spouse of the child’s mother - upon marriage, if the child is jointly supported, that is, if the new spouse provides for his wife’s child from another marriage;
• the new wife of the child's father - upon marriage, subject to the father paying alimony, since it is considered that alimony is paid from the common income of the spouses.

The only parent, guardian, trustee or adoptive parent receives a double deduction for children This happens in the following cases:

• if the second parent died (letter of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated 08/06/2010 No. 03-04-05/5-426) or was declared missing (letter of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated 12/31/2008 No. 03-04-06-01/399);
• if the father is not indicated on the birth certificate (there is a dash) and the mother is not married;
• if the second parent voluntarily refused the deduction, but it is important that the person refusing has income subject to personal income tax at a rate of 13% (15%) (letter of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated April 20, 2017 No. 03-04-05/23946).

Double deduction is not allowed in the following circumstances:

• the second parent is unemployed and registered on the stock exchange;
• the second parent is on maternity or child care leave;
• when children enter into legal marriage.

Now that all recipients and amounts have been named, we move on to the formula for calculating and applying the deduction.

What limitations does the IIS have?

There are several nuances that you should know before opening such an account.

The account must be open for at least 3 years

If you close it earlier, the right to deduction is lost. This means that if you received money under a type “A” deduction, you will have to return it to the budget.

You need to deposit money into the account every year

If you decide to earn a maximum of 156,000 using the “A” deduction, you will have to deposit a minimum of 400,000 rubles into the account.

We'll have to freeze the money

You will not be able to withdraw money from your IIS without closing the account. If the account is closed before three years, you will lose the right to deduction.

You cannot top up your account with more than 1 million rubles

The limit is updated on January 1 of each year.

You should only have one account. If you make several accounts with different brokers, you will still be able to receive only one tax deduction.

Who can open an IIS

Any citizen of the Russian Federation over 18 years of age can open an account and use the right to deduction, for whom personal income tax is transferred to the budget. There is no minimum amount established by law for opening an individual investment account; it all depends on the brokers’ tariffs. In theory, you can deposit 10,000 rubles into your account. and then make a tax deduction from this amount.

To open an account, you will need a passport and TIN.

Both individual entrepreneurs and self-employed people can open an investment account. Since such citizens do not have personal income tax withheld from their income, but other taxes, they can take advantage of the right to a type “B” deduction. Or, if personal income tax appears, receive a deduction of type “A”.

Pensioners can also open an account and receive the right to a type “B” deduction. They also have the right to type “A” deduction, but then they must somehow pay personal income tax to the budget. For example, if a pensioner gets a part-time job, he will be able to return the tax paid for him.

conclusions

1. Professional income tax is a new tax regime. It was invented to bring small businesses and part-time jobs out of the shadows. From October 19, 2021, you can become self-employed in any region of Russia.
2. Self-employed people pay the lowest tax: 4% for income from individuals, 6% for income from legal entities. They are exempt from insurance premiums paid by entrepreneurs using the simplified tax system and patent.
3. For the first few months, the tax rate on professional income is even lower: 3% and 4%. This is due to a tax deduction of 10,000 rubles.
4. The Federal Tax Service itself calculates the tax. Self-employed people confirm payment once a month in the application or set up automatic debits from a bank card.
5. Self-employed people generate checks through the “My Tax” application and the tax website. They do not use online cash registers, so it is easier for them to start a business.
6. Registration takes place via the Internet. This is convenient: you don’t need to go to the tax office.

The article is current as of 02/02/2021

How to get a tax deduction type "A"

Tax deduction type "A" is received for previous years. Moreover, you can apply for a deduction every year, that is, you can return the personal income tax paid in 2021 in 2021. Or make a deduction for three years at once - open an account in 2021, top it up in 2021 and 2022, and issue a deduction in 2023. If you decide to return the personal income tax paid from the budget by replenishing individual accounts, then follow these instructions.

Register in your personal tax account

This is an optional step, but it reduces the number of visits to the tax office. It’s easier to fill out all the necessary documents online: instead of multi-page templates and declarations, you just need to enter data into the online form, and the papers are generated automatically.

If you don’t have an account on the tax website, you need to get a temporary login password from the inspectorate. You can contact anyone, not necessarily your place of residence. Or use an account from the State Services website to log in.

Collect documents

You need to confirm your right to deduction. For this you will need the following documents:

• Certificate of income (2-NDFL). If you make deductions online, then these certificates should be in your personal account. If they are not there, then you can get them from the accounting department of the organization that transferred the personal income tax.
• Account opening agreement. You need to get it from your broker. Usually such a document is available in your IIS personal account. Sometimes it is called an IIS service agreement or an agreement to work with IIS.
• Confirmation of crediting funds to the IIS. This could be a check if you made the transfer online, or a receipt order if you gave the money to the broker at the cash desk. Any confirmation will do.

Fill out your income tax return

You need a 3-NDFL declaration. It’s easier to fill it out in your personal tax office.

Or you can go to the tax office, take declaration forms and an application for a deduction there, and fill them out manually. There is also a Declaration program on the inspection website, with which you can create a document.

In the declaration, indicate the year in which you deposited money into the account and your income. And note which deductions you will apply. In the online service you need to select the section with investment deductions. In the deduction amount, indicate the amount that was deposited into the investment account. After this, the service will show you the amount you will receive as a refund.

Then confirm sending the declaration to the inspectorate. The service will ask you for a non-qualified electronic signature. If there is none, the site will generate it for free.

Along with the declaration, the service will also send an application for deduction. In it you need to indicate bank details for transferring money.

If you filled out the declaration and application not through the service, then the papers must be brought to the tax office and given to the inspector.

Wait for the money

The declaration is checked for three months. If there is something wrong with the documents, the inspector may call and request additional paperwork. Towards the end of the period, you will receive an answer whether your deduction was approved or denied. If they refuse, you can send a complaint against the inspector to his supervisor or appeal the decision through the court.

If the deduction is approved, the money will arrive in your account within a month.

How to use tax deduction type “B”

You need to apply for a deduction after your account is three years old.

To make a deduction through a broker:

• Take a tax certificate stating that you did not receive money under the type “A” deduction. This can be done at the inspection office at the place of registration. The certificate will be sent within a month.
• Write an application to close an account with a broker and attach the received certificate. Indicate that you want to apply a “B” deduction. This is usually done at the broker’s office or, if such an opportunity is available, through your personal account on the website.
• Afterwards, the broker will close the account and transfer the money to your bank account without withholding tax for the profitable transactions made.

You can also apply for a deduction through the tax office. In this case, when closing the account, personal income tax will be withheld from you, and then you can return it through the tax office.

The return algorithm is almost the same as with the type “A” deduction:

• Collect documents: account servicing agreement, certificate of crediting of funds, certificate of income.
• Fill out the 3-NDFL declaration and tax refund application.
• You wait until three months of desk verification of documents have passed and then one month for the money to be credited.

Briefly about how to get an investment tax deduction

• If you open an IIS, you will be able to take advantage of the right to a tax deduction. It comes in two types.
• Type "A". You return the personal income tax paid for you - for three years in a row, a maximum of 52,000 rubles. To get the maximum amount, you need to top up your account with 400,000 rubles per year. and earn the same amount so that you have something to pay the deduction from. Such a deduction can be made as early as the next year after replenishing the account.
• If you close the account earlier than 3 years after opening, the right to deduction disappears. If during this time you have already received your personal income tax back, you will have to return it to the budget.
• There is also type "B". You may not have to pay tax on income from the resale of shares. You can request such a deduction three years after opening the account.
• You only need to select one type of deduction.
• You cannot withdraw money from an IIS without closing it.
• To receive a type “A” deduction, you need to fill out a 3-NDFL declaration.
• To receive a type “B” deduction, you need to either contact the tax office or ask the broker not to withhold personal income tax when closing the account.

Who can register as self-employed

1. Individuals who run a small business or earn extra money. An employment contract with an employer will not interfere with registration. The main thing is not to try to replace salary with “remuneration for services.” Employers themselves offer employees to become self-employed, but this is a gray scheme. Self-employed people are prohibited from receiving income from a former employer for two years. The tax office will easily find out about the violation and assess additional taxes.

2. Entrepreneurs without employees . When a sole proprietor elects professional income tax, he must abandon his current tax regime. Within a month, he notifies the tax office that he no longer applies the simplified tax system or the patent. NPD cannot be combined with other special modes.

Not everyone can become self-employed. This mode is not suitable if you:

— You resell goods. Buy wholesale, sell wholesale or retail.

— You sell excisable or marked goods. For example, alcohol, cigarettes or fur coats.

— You work under an agency agreement. For example, you sell tours from different tour operators and receive an agent commission. There is an exception: in the trade sector you can work with self-employed couriers. To do this, the seller must register online cash registers in his name and provide them to couriers - according to paragraphs. 6 paragraph 2 art. 4 422-FZ

In case of violation, the tax office will cancel the self-employed status. Instead of personal income tax, individuals pay personal income tax, and individual entrepreneurs pay personal income tax and VAT.