All types of construction near existing roads in 2021 are controlled by law. The requirements relate to the following legal aspects:
- distance from home to road;
- from the roadway to children's institutions;
- construction near the railway.
Design of a settlement indicating the distances from buildings to the road
For houses in SNT, you must follow the rules for their location relative to the road. All norms and requirements for the construction of residential buildings are specified in SNiP. It is necessary to comply with the requirements of SNiP so that there are no misunderstandings with neighbors, or with the local administration, or with the fire department.
Distance from the road to the house in the private sector
Documents to be taken into account when planning buildings:
Indication on the site plan of the distances from buildings to the road
- Land Code;
- Building regulations;
- Set of rules for rural settlements;
- Set of rules for garden cooperatives.
Owners of their personal plots believe that the placement of a fence is their personal matter - this is a big misconception. The distance from the fence to the residential building is determined by the boundaries of the allotment.
Diagram indicating the distances from the house to the road on the site
The distance from the building to the street is regulated by article SNiP 30-02-97. But the distance from the fence to the roadway is not specified in SNiP. When installing a fence, you need to study the cadastral passport. The area of the land plot is indicated.
Drawing and layout of the site according to SNiPs
The minimum distance from the road to the fenced area is 5 meters. The boundaries of land plots are established by the local administration based on:
- building codes;
- fire safety standards;
- the required size of the sanitary area.
Consequences of land squatting
The law is not always observed when constructing construction projects. There are frequent cases of squatting of territory belonging to the municipality. These violations of the law lead to unpleasant consequences. For example, the captured plot of land from the fence to the road is not included in the land plan. As a result of the inspection, a fine will be collected from the citizen who violated the law.
It often happens that communications are laid under a building envelope that was built illegally. In the event of an accident, prompt repairs will be required. When carrying out restoration work, the enclosing structure is subject to partial or complete demolition. Under such circumstances, the owner should not claim compensation for damage from the demolition of the fence due to its illegal construction.
Distance from the road to the apartment building
Development in the area of the roadway is regulated by SNiP and fire safety standards. According to article SNiP 2-07-01-89, the distances are:
- The distance from the edge of the roadway to the line of residential and public buildings should not be less than 50 m.
- If noise barriers are provided along the highway, the distance can be reduced to 25 m.
- From local intra-district driveways to the wall of a residential building no more than 25 meters.
- A six-meter fire lane should be located 5 meters from the walls of the building.
- An apartment building with apartments on the ground floor should be located 6 meters from the roadway and 3 meters from internal driveways.
Fencing requirements
If you have to build a fence, then there will be your own requirements that you will have to comply with. If a house and outbuildings are built once and for life, then sooner or later the fence will have to be updated, if it is not monolithic or made of brick. The standards for fencing here are:
- Non-adjacent hedges should be no higher than 2 m.
- The transparency of the fence should be 50%.
- The adjacent fence should have a height of no higher than 1.75 m with the same transparency.
- The material from which the fence is made should not overheat the air from the neighboring area. Here it is important to completely abandon metal siding.
- It is not recommended to build a fence from hollow bricks. It is hygroscopic and will absorb moisture over time, which means it will be soggy. This may be the cause of complaints from neighbors.
These requirements are advisory; no one can legally prohibit the construction of fences higher than 2m. But if the relevant authorities receive a complaint from neighbors that a fence that is too high and solid has caused a strong draft and interferes with the movement of air flows, then the owner may be legally required to reduce its height.
The height of the fence can sometimes also become the subject of disputes between neighbors Source beton-house.com
In any case, if you plan to build a high fence, it is advisable to coordinate this decision with the local administration. This can serve as good insurance against unpleasant situations.
Distance from the road to children's and school institutions
According to building codes and regulations, areas of children's and school educational institutions should not be adjacent to highways.
Table of existing distances to kindergartens and schools
The distance from the red line of the street to the preschool educational institution is at least 25 meters. During construction, you need to focus on the standards of the sanitary service. The level of noise and air pollution must be within the acceptable limits established for the territory of residential complexes.
When planning the construction of preschool educational institutions in already built-up neighborhoods, the distance to all nearby roads must be taken into account. Minimum distance from the edge of the general purpose roadway to the fence of the preschool educational institution:
Minimum distance from the roadway to child care facilities
- related to the city - 100 m;
- for rural settlements – 50 m.
A green strip of plantings is required between the road and the children's educational center. For category IV roads, the distance minimum is 50 and 25 meters, respectively.
Expansion of land area
If you want to expand the boundaries of your personal land plot, you should contact the city administration with a written application to purchase additional land.
If the result is positive, the owner pays all costs associated with the registration procedures. Often, to make the task easier, the owner of a land plot turns to a realtor. Then issues regarding the acquisition of land are resolved faster. This option provides significant savings in time and health.
Construction standards in the railway area
The distance from the railway is also regulated by law. There must be a sanitary protection zone between a residential building and the railway track.
Existing distances to railway tracks
The minimum width of such a zone is 100 m. If the railway is located in a lowland or is fenced with special noise shields, the length of the zone can be reduced to 50 meters.
The construction of public buildings and engineering structures, such as garages, parking lots, warehouses, is permitted immediately outside the sanitary zone.
When building near marshalling stations, the distance is calculated taking into account the cargo turnover, the degree of flammability of the transported goods, and the noise level. Watch the video about the rules for the location of buildings on the site.
Aesthetics
The distance from the toilet to the neighbor’s fence should not be less than the minimum, which is regulated by Russian law. However, when designing a building, the aesthetic component should also be taken into account.
A toilet should be installed or built after a detailed study of the wind rose of the area. Thanks to this, it will be possible to achieve ideal cleanliness of the building. In the future, the surrounding area will have to be kept in order. Otherwise, insects harmful to humans will begin to actively develop.
Normative base
SNiP and SP regulate the requirements and rules for construction on a land plot. In addition, to register a finished building, the owner must obtain the appropriate permit. But in some situations permission is not needed:
- In case the owner does not hope to receive any profit.
- Construction is carried out on land that is intended for housing construction, SNT and dachas.
- The garage has no foundation. That is, its design does not provide for its presence.
If none of these requirements meets, then it is necessary to provide the following documents to local authorities:
- A statement with detailed information and a description of the essence of the request.
- Proof of ownership.
- A copy of the passport of the person who has the rights to own housing.
- Topographic reference to the area.
- Information on the property valuation carried out by the Bureau of Technical Inventory.
- Cadastral plan. Moreover, it is necessary to provide it not only for the building, but also for the adjacent area.
- A diagram describing how communications are arranged in a private area.
- A document that describes the details of a garage project.
After the package of papers is accepted, the applicant receives a receipt. Next, within 10 days you will be informed about what decision was made. If it is positive, then the person receives permission to build a garage. However, in some cases this process may take longer.
If the decision is negative, then all these papers are returned with the right to send them again to the same supervisory authority after all the required amendments have been made. Also, if the owner of the site does not agree with the decision of the authorities, there is always the opportunity to go to court so that he can make a final verdict.
Smart planning
The garage can be attached or detached.
Both types have structural differences.
Attached
A garage is sometimes combined with a house, a summer kitchen or a bathhouse. It is allowed to add a terrace.
Placed below floor level in the house. It is not necessary to install heating (this is at the discretion of the owners). This garage can additionally be used as a storage room.
Features of an attached garage:
- It has a separate foundation and roof.
- All communications can be carried out in it (electricity, heating, water supply, ventilation).
- Doesn't take up much free space in the yard.
- It is possible to enter the garage directly from the street. It is very convenient when the gate opens automatically.
- Good sound insulation is required.
- It is better not to skimp on roofing materials. It would be optimal to choose the same one as for home.
In two-story houses above the garage, it is not recommended to install bedrooms or living rooms. It is better if it is a library, a billiard room, a greenhouse, that is, a room where a person is only temporarily.
Standing separately
More often the garage is made into a separate building. It can be built from used or budget materials. Soundproofing is not required.
Among the disadvantages of a detached building:
- fA solid foundation needs to be poured.
- To get into the garage, you will have to go outside at any time of year and weather. An alternative is to build a canopy, but this will entail additional costs.
- Additional investments will be required to supply communications to the premises.
In addition, when planning the structure, the following are taken into account:
- How far will the entrance to the yard be? The driveway to the garage should not have any turns.
- Ground water level. This is an important point if the owner wants to arrange a viewing hole or a small cellar inside the room.
- Ground level. For installation, it is worth allocating a part of the yard on a hill so that melt water and precipitation do not flow under the foundation.
- Drainage from the roof of the building. It should be directed only towards its site.
- Side of the world. The northern part of the estate is considered optimal for development. There is always little light in this direction, so growing crops there is not profitable.
When purchasing materials for construction, it is important to look not only at the price, but also to consider the general appearance of the structure. So that the garage looks good with other buildings on the site.
To save space, you should choose roller or sectional garage doors, and to save money, swing doors.
Why do you need a permit?
Construction of a permanent garage is a costly procedure, so it is advisable to take care of obtaining all necessary permits in advance.
Important! You do not need to obtain permission if the object does not have a foundation. Such buildings include shell garages, objects made of metal profiles or sandwich panels.
The law does not oblige citizens to obtain permission from their neighbors to build. However, this requires that the object does not cause them inconvenience.
Popular problems are:
- the garage is located close to the boundary;
- location of the facility on the territory of neighbors;
- location of the garage roof slope on the neighbors' property.
In each of the listed situations, the neighbor has the right to go to court for the demolition of the object, since it prevents him from using his plot for its intended purpose.
