A janitor's job description is a document containing a complete list of information about the responsibilities and other nuances of work activities that an employee hired for this position will encounter. A correctly drawn up document not only helps resolve everyday labor issues, but also regulates the employee’s relationship with the team and management.
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Regulatory documents establishing types of work and load
To ensure the proper condition of the local area, the staff of the service organization or homeowners' association includes an estimated number of working personnel.
Calculation of the number of janitors and standardization of area
When drawing up the staffing table, the following are taken into account:
- actual area to be cleaned
- type of surface of the area to be cleaned
- site infrastructure
- applicability of mechanization means
- seasonality
The regulatory and methodological framework has been approved:
- Order of the State Construction Committee of the Russian Federation No. 139 dated December 09, 1999 “On approval of recommendations for standardizing the labor of workers involved in the maintenance and repair of housing stock”
- Resolution of the State Construction Committee No. 170 of September 27, 2003.
The documents provide time standards for carrying out different types of janitor work per 1 m², depending on the class of the territory. Based on this value, the area for cleaning by one person is normalized, with normal working hours. The class of the territory is determined depending on the intensity of pedestrian traffic in the territory.
Class I - up to 50 people/hour;
Class II - from 50 to 100 people/hour;
III class - over 100 people/hour.
The territories of apartment buildings are usually classified as class I. The load in winter is significantly higher than in summer, especially during snowfalls, therefore, for ease of calculation, aggregated standards for the cleaning area are calculated. For 1 janitor, the year-round norm is assumed to be 3630 m2. Therefore, if the yard of an apartment building is, for example, 5000 m2, then the population norm should be 1.37 people.
If you have a local area larger than 3630 m2, and only one wiper works, don’t be surprised if he can’t cope.
General provisions
1.1. A janitor belongs to the category of workers.
1.2. A janitor is appointed and dismissed by the head of the enterprise and reports directly to [fill in as appropriate].
1.3. The janitor should know:
— norms and requirements for the state of external landscaping of the territory adjacent to the home and environmental protection;
— requirements for sanitary maintenance of territories;
— layout and boundaries of cleaning the assigned territory;
- procedure for cleaning the territory;
— instructions and technological recommendations for cleaning work;
— properties of detergents and rules for their safe use;
— devices and operating rules for service equipment and devices used in work;
— rules for the use of de-icing materials;
- addresses and telephone numbers: services of operating organizations, the nearest police station, local police inspector, ambulance, fire department, nearest medical care facility, pharmacy, children's room, etc.;
— safety rules when performing cleaning work;
- the procedure for notifying your immediate supervisor about all shortcomings discovered during work;
— internal labor regulations;
— rules and regulations of labor protection, industrial sanitation and personal hygiene;
— rules for the use of fire protection equipment;
- [fill in what you need].
Standard types of work on the local area
The job responsibilities of a janitor in a management company include bringing the local area, sidewalks, access points to front doors, lawns, and playgrounds into proper condition. Working conditions and functionality differ in summer and winter. In this regard, the work instructions for a janitor are an important and responsible document, both at the stage of concluding an employment contract and in the process of all activities.
By order of the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection of the Russian Federation No. 1075n dated December 21, 2015, a professional standard was introduced. It describes the labor functions of a worker for comprehensive cleaning of the territory related to common property in an apartment building. The list of works in the professional standard corresponds to the duties of a janitor. It is advisable to use the document when developing job descriptions for local area cleaners.
Why are instructions drawn up?
The purpose of writing instructions is to provide guidance for the janitor and his immediate superior on the main points of working interaction.
For an employee hired as a janitor, sections of the document will serve as the main source of information on the responsibilities assigned to him. The employee will be able to calmly carry out the tasks assigned to him, without fear of unnecessary overtime workload not specified in the DI.
For management, this document is one of the highest priority tools for planning work processes.
For both the employee and his manager, the instructions are important from the point of view of preventing conflict situations that may arise during labor relations.
Requirements for a candidate to work as a janitor
Employment does not require special education or special competencies. A prerequisite is that the applicant must be 18 years old and in good health.
An official conclusion of a preliminary and periodic medical examination can guarantee that the employee is not contraindicated:
- physical labor involving lifting and carrying heavy objects
- prolonged exposure to fresh air, including at low temperatures
- performing duties at night
- work that requires increased attention, for example, on the roadway or at heights
- increased dust content and use of chemicals in the workplace
Depending on the area, it is possible to select a part-time or part-time employee. The Labor Code regulates these issues. It is physically difficult to obtain high-quality performance of the job description of a janitor in a management company when combining work, for example in two areas. For the same reason, it is believed that such work is more suitable for men.
The employer is obliged to organize, and the employee must undergo training and testing of knowledge of sanitation, labor protection, and fire safety standards. When entrusting the work of replacing lamps, it becomes necessary to obtain an electrical safety group.
When assigning the functional duties of a janitor to a foreign citizen, in addition to a medical examination and signing a job description, the following is required:
- patent for visa-free migrants
- permit for citizens of countries with a visa regime
Every employer strives to hire a hardworking, responsible employee without bad habits.
III. Rights
The janitor has the right:
1. Request and receive the necessary information, as well as materials and documents related to issues of their activities.
2. Make suggestions and comments on how to improve activities in the assigned area of work.
3. Demand that the management of the organization provide assistance, including the provision of organizational and technical conditions necessary for the performance of official duties.
4. Make independent decisions, guided by qualification requirements and job responsibilities
5.___________________________________________________________
Job responsibilities
According to the professional standard of a janitor, he is entrusted with a range of works, including:
- sweeping, moving freshly fallen snow
- clearing the area of compacted snow
- cleaning drainpipes and fire pit manhole covers from frost and ice
- throwing snow and ice chips thrown from roofs
- cleaning of areas during winter mechanized cleaning work
- placing snow in shafts or piles after mechanized cleaning
- loading snow and chips onto transport
- cleaning blind areas, pits
- Sprinkling the area with sand and chlorides during ice conditions
- sweeping the area
- washing areas during summer mechanized cleaning operations that are inaccessible for cleaning by machine
- emptying garbage bins and washing them
- washing number plate lights
- cleaning house signs
- cleaning of container sites
- loading waste onto vehicles
- cleaning, watering lawns with a hose
- cleaning playgrounds
The job description of a janitor for an HOA or management company with a small housing stock under maintenance may include responsibilities for restoring lighting, cleaning entrances and basements. The responsibilities of a yard maintenance worker in residential buildings include maintaining order and immediately reporting any emergencies.
Depending on the season
In winter and summer, the list of janitor jobs, as well as the main tool used for cleaning, differ. Accordingly, different standards for the cleaned area have been established. The size of the area is influenced by weather conditions, type of surface covering, intensity of pedestrian flow and other factors.
Breakdown into groups by traffic intensity:
- when traffic is up to 50 people per hour, it is considered first class,
- with a flow of 50-100 pedestrians - the second,
- if more than 100 people move along the sidewalk per hour - third.
Yard sidewalks belong to the first class. Lawn areas are not included in any classifications and are considered separately during standardization.
It is customary to divide sidewalks by type of coating:
- improved (asphalt concrete, paving stones),
- unimproved (crushed stone, cobblestone),
- areas without coverings.
What are unimproved coatings? These are areas, roads, sidewalks that are covered with soil, crushed stone or gravel, as well as stone chips, not treated with binders.
In winter, the standards for the harvested area are lower than in summer.
The method for calculating cleaning standards for a janitor is to add up the standards for each type of work performed in different periods and divide the working time by the result obtained. This results in the area that a worker must clean while following the technology and performing other auxiliary types of work.
You may find it useful: Calculator for converting hectares to hundreds, square meters and vice versa
Employers take the time standards for cleaning 1 meter of area in various ways and using different tools, for cleaning one trash can, for taking out one bag of garbage, and so on for each type, from the standards developed by government agencies. If necessary, the management of the organization hiring janitors can develop their own standards by timing the entire cleaning cycle.
Summer standards
The janitor's summer cleaning standards consist of sweeping sidewalks, watering and caring for lawns, removing garbage and solid household waste generated in the entrusted territory.
According to the intensity group, first-class pedestrian paths are swept once every two to three days, the rest are swept once or twice a day.
When calculating the load on a janitor in the summer, the following are taken into account:
- daily cleaning of waste bins with morning rinsing,
- removal of collected waste to containers or garbage bins,
- organizing bulky garbage and waste at a special site,
- collecting fallen leaves and removing them to containers or to a special area,
- watering asphalt in hot weather.
- Sweeping the area, cleaning and transporting garbage to the designated location.
If we talk about the most frequent and visible work (sweeping up garbage, dust, soil, leaves, etc., then the standards are as follows):
There are also time standards, where the janitor must allocate a certain time per 1 square. m., sweeping and removing garbage.
In winter time
The main task of a janitor in winter is to remove ice and snow and sprinkle icy paths with sand or chemicals.
Here is an example of a janitor's job, which involves sweeping up to 2 cm of freshly fallen snow.
Accordingly, on first-class pedestrian paths, snow removal is carried out once every three days, on the rest - they are removed daily or every other day. When fresh snow falls, cleaning is carried out immediately, regardless of the surface of the sidewalks or the intensity of pedestrian traffic.
Loose, recently fallen snow in a layer of up to 2 cm is swept with a broom, and over 2 cm is moved using a wide scraper or snow shovel. The winter season and snowfall do not relieve the janitor of the responsibility for collecting garbage, which must be taken into account in winter standards.
Responsibility for unfair treatment of labor
The frequency of cleaning is regulated by Order No. 139 of the State Construction Committee. Penalties are established by law, local acts of the organization and the job description of the janitor. Inaction by area cleaners can be caused by:
- risk of accidents in icy conditions and when snow and ice falls from canopies
- fire hazard due to dry grass and debris
- reproduction of rats and mice due to accumulation of waste
You can ask the worker if the employment contract contains a link to a document that clearly states the duties and responsibilities.
Structure and procedure for implementing the job description of a public service janitor
The document contains the following sections:
- General provisions. Contains information about the department, subordination, local acts of the organization relating to the employee
- Qualification requirements. If necessary, the required skills are indicated. For example, machine maintenance
- Functional responsibilities. Specific tasks are listed point by point
- Employee rights. Guarantee compliance with labor laws and ensuring conditions for performing work
- Responsibility. Types of violations and penalties are listed
- Final provisions. The procedure for familiarizing yourself with the organization’s documents and the timing for revising the instructions are entered.
The sample job description for a housing and communal services janitor presents the recommended standard design. We mark the required attributes:
- on the title page - indication of the enterprise, signature of the head and seal of the organization, date of approval
- sheet numbering
- developer information
- mark of agreement with the legal and personnel services
It is important to record the fact of familiarization with the employee’s instructions, with the obligatory indication of the date! In the future, do this every time you make changes.
Career growth, bonuses and other “bonuses”
In addition to their salaries, janitors often receive bonuses - for holidays, after snowfalls, or for collective work such as “subbotniks”. Payment of bonuses is an initiative of management, but almost everywhere there are such monetary incentives.
The work of homeowners associations and management companies is always under the control of the local administration. Its representatives regularly travel around the areas entrusted to them and mark the best of them. Gratitude for such a result can be received both by the management of the HOA or management company, and by the janitor himself.
Janitors also have a professional holiday - the Day of Workers of Consumer Services and Housing and Communal Services in Russia. It is celebrated every year on the third Sunday of March.
Almost all regions hold ceremonial events on this day and reward the best workers in the housing and communal services sector. They may also shoot a video about the work of a janitor for a local television program.
Grateful residents can say their deep “thank you” to the management of the HOA or management company. The employee will almost certainly be recognized in some way - with a letter of gratitude, a bonus.
There is also career growth in the work of a janitor. You can become a site foreman and supervise the work of janitors in the entrusted territory. But the specifics of the work and the level of responsibility here are slightly different. You need to be able to organize the work of a team, achieve the desired result and be responsible to management for shortcomings in the work of others. Not everyone is ready for this.
