In order to separate plots belonging to different owners from each other, land surveying is carried out.
Such land works establish the boundaries of each specific plot of land that is privately owned.
To separate lands that are in public use , special red lines are used.
They establish the boundary of a territory that cannot be privatized.
When considering such concepts, there is often confusion. Many people believe that the red line and the border of a land plot are one and the same. In fact, there are a number of significant differences between them.
Concept
The main purpose of the red lines (RL) available on the development scheme is established in paragraph 11 of Article 1 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation.
The designation was introduced to highlight the boundaries of territories that are intended for general use . Even if the assignment of such a category to land is only in the plans, the contours are still designated in this way.
The boundaries of the following objects are highlighted with red outlines :
- power lines;
- streets;
- squares;
- highways;
- parks;
- communication lines;
- railways;
- areas;
- pipelines.
Since public facilities are already located in the areas limited by the red outline, or their construction is planned in the future, unauthorized land development, as well as going beyond the established boundaries during construction, is strictly prohibited .
What is a cadastral number?
For each of the objects on the cadastral map the following information is available: exact area; address; price; status; characteristic; date of registration; type of ownership. Rosreestr provides reference information on real estate plots online.
According to the Law “On Valuation Activities”, the cadastral valuation is not a constant value, just like the market value. According to the results of the state assessment, a new value of the land may be established.
The online public map shows the boundaries of the site, as well as its cadastral value.
Public cadastral map of Russia online.
PKK of 4 autonomous districts: Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Yugra, Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug
Differences from site boundaries
In essence, the red line and the extreme points of the plot are used to achieve one goal - to separate plots from each other .
However, there are significant differences :
- Land intended for public use is marked with red outlines. The boundaries of a land plot indicate the extreme points of ownership owned by a specific person or state.
- Property boundary lines are established during the land surveying procedure, and red lines are established by adopting a regulatory act, for example, a Decision or Decree of the regional or city government.
- The size of the plot changes quite simply, for example, after annexing a neighboring property, or when dividing an existing plot. Red lines, established legally, are indicated on the development plan, and it is difficult to change their location.
- Public lands may be located inside a privatized site, for example, when laying power lines, or cross it. The boundaries of the land plot cannot extend beyond the boundaries of the red lines.
- The establishment of red lines is entirely within the competence of the authorities; they represent a completely independent object of cadastral registration. And the extreme points of the allotment are determined at the request of the owner of the land plot.
Public cadastral map of Russia on
The map shows only areas for which land surveying has been done (that is, the exact coordinates of the corners have been measured). Addresses can be complex, so it is more accurate to find an object by cadastral number. Look it up in the docs. For example, 77:08:0009005:8
A cadastral map is used when you need to quickly find information about a specific land plot. In addition, the cadastral map allows you to find the necessary information regarding the administrative division of Russia, you can find out where the selected area is located, or determine the department of the register to which it belongs.
A new version of the public cadastral map, released for public use by the summer of 2016, is presented for use.
Kinds
Not all red contours on the territory diagram have the same legal force. There are several types that differ in purpose and significance.
Design
If the construction of facilities or the allocation of territory for public use is only in the plans of the authorities, then a design red line will appear on the development plan.
It means that regional authorities intend to further use the specified territory.
However, such lands have not yet been alienated, which means that such a border has no legal force .
The project line is intended to bring to the attention of the public that in the future the territory will be transferred to the category of public land. However, when this will happen is unknown.
It is possible that the authorities' plan will not be implemented, and the designation will soon disappear from the development plan. Therefore, the project line should not be considered an object subject to cadastral registration .
Typically, designations that have not yet been adopted follow the existing boundaries of the land plot.
Existing
If the objects that need to be separated from the surrounding privatized territories and state property have already been built and are operating, then their boundaries are indicated by the existing red line.
Its consolidation is evidenced by an approved normative act that makes the boundaries legally significant. The exact coordinates of a line of this type are marked on the development plan and recorded in the cadastral registration authorities.
Even if all the plots of land that are located around the territory enclosed in the red outline are officially registered with the Cadastral Chamber and have boundaries established during boundary work, the red line will still be more significant. The extreme points of the plots should not protrude beyond its limits .
The red line of the street is
The advantages include always up-to-date display of the terrain. Also, private companies work more flexibly with the client - and there is always the opportunity to provide their technical specifications for the design and completeness of displaying objects on the ground, while municipalities issue only according to their own rules.
What is a situational plan of a land plot?
. As a result, in two or three days the information will be sent to your specified mailbox. Unfortunately, the data on the diagram will be of fairly low resolution, so the sent version is most often used as the basis for image processing and building a situational plan using specialized programs.
Recently, it has become fashionable in political disputes to threaten enemies with all sorts of punishments if they cross red lines, but no one specifies where these lines are. This metaphor came into the vocabulary of politicians from urban planning, in which red lines actually exist in planning and (or) boundary documentation. After the approval and publication of the planning plan, the red lines become established and must correspond to the real picture of the location of plots and capital buildings of private owners.
Problem situations
Often, even the existing contours of public areas become the object of problems.
However, in each case, a solution can be found and difficulties encountered in determining the location of red lines or other difficulties can be overcome.
Absence of design solutions in the history
Before the introduction of such a concept as the red line, the development of public areas was indicated differently on the plans.
Therefore, it may be absent from the history of design decisions in some urban areas, despite the presence of actual boundaries of public areas.
In such a case, the issue of establishing red lines on the plan can be resolved by developing a special project .
Difficulties with territory planning usually do not arise, since the boundaries of streets and private households are actually reflected on the ground. It is only necessary to transfer them to the plan and highlight the outline of public lands.
It is pointless to draw design lines at the stage of considering a development scheme , since there are actually already significant ones on the ground.
Inconsistency with what actually exists
If the plan shows contours that do not actually correspond to the boundaries of the actual building, changes should be made to the existing scheme .
To do this, coordinates are determined in kind, and in accordance with the information received, changes are made to the cadastral documentation.
Lack of planning documentation
The loss of plans or partial availability of planning schemes, which due to historical prescription are not recognized as legally significant, does not entail the obligation to draw up new documentation and make changes to the design contours.
In fact, building lines exist on the ground and can be reflected in various cadastral registration materials after they have been studied.
Parts of buildings cross the boundaries of public territory
If the facade or other part of the building protrudes beyond the boundaries of public lands, you should refer to the Land Use Rules. The regulations indicate the dimensions of permitted projections of façade parts.
However, it is worth remembering that if the red lines stop buildings that were erected on privatized territories, then based on a court decision, the owners may be forced to demolish the building .
Public cadastral map of Russia online
Cadastral map of three cities of federal significance: Moscow (Moscow region) St. Petersburg (Leningrad region, “Peter”) Sevastopol Public cadastral maps include 22 republics: Adygea Altai Bashkortostan Buryatia Dagestan Ingushetia Kabardino-Balkaria Kalmykia Karachay-Cherkessia Karelia Komi Crimea Mari El Mordovia Sakha (Yakutia) North Ossetia - Alania Tatarstan Tyva Udmurtia Khakassia Chechnya Chuvashia
At the same time, it is possible to find the necessary information about land plots that are included in Rosreestr at any time.
Public cadastral map of Russia (read more...)
Cadastral maps of the Rosreestra of all Russia and all 85 constituent entities of the Russian Federation are presented in online format:
How to correctly measure the coolant temperature?
rong>In the heating system, the coolant is hot water, heated to the required temperature. Current legislation has established temperature standards for coolant in an apartment building. According to regulatory documents (SNiP 2.04.05), the following parameters are considered the norm:
- 96 degrees with a two-pipe system;
- 116 degrees with a one-pipe system;
- The average heating temperature of the batteries is 78 – 92 degrees.
To measure the coolant, you need to place an alcohol thermometer on the radiator. After a few minutes, check the result, to which one degree should be added. For a more accurate measurement, you can use a room infrared thermometer.
You can also take the temperature of the coolant in the apartment using an electric meter, which is fixed to the battery using a thermocouple wire.
Relief
Buildings on the site: In the upper (northern) part of the site there is a residential one-story wooden house. 8 is the house number on Valentinovskaya Street. The floor level in the house is 156.55 meters. In the eastern part of the house there is a terrace with a closed wooden porch attached. In the western part, on the neighboring plot, there is a destroyed extension to the house. There is a well near the northeast corner of the house. In the southern part of the site there are three wooden non-residential buildings. A canopy on poles is attached to one of them.
Crosses on topographic survey
If the distance between the crosses differs by several times from 10 cm, then most likely such a topographic survey was printed for some tasks that do not require adherence to the original scale. For example: if the distance between the crosses on a 1:500 scale topographic survey is 5 cm, then it was printed at a scale of 1:1000, distorting all the symbols, but at the same time reducing the size of the printed material, which can be used as an overview plan.
Fire safety requirements
To comply with fire safety rules, the minimum distances between buildings of both your own and adjacent plots should be taken into account in accordance with the material that serves as the basis of the structure:
- between buildings made of completely combustible materials (wood) a distance of at least 15 meters must be maintained;
- between buildings made of fireproof materials (stone, brick, concrete) a distance of at least 6 meters must be maintained;
- between buildings that have a fireproof base, but one of them uses wooden floors or insulation made from combustible materials, a distance of at least 8 meters must be maintained;
- between buildings that have a fireproof base, but each of them uses wooden floors or insulation made of combustible materials, a distance of at least 10 meters must be maintained.
In any case, to assess the fire resistance of structures, you should contact special authorities.
